<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3896</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Ciencias Ambientales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ciencias Ambientales]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3896</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-38962021000400174</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15359/rca.55-2.9</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Impacto de un pasivo ambiental petrolífero en el área y flora vascular a orillas del lago Titicaca, Perú]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Impact of a petroleum environmental liability in the area and vascular flora on the shores of Lake Titicaca, Peru]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huisa B]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dennis X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loza-Del Carpio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfredo L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno Egresado de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Asociación para la Conservación de Biodiversidad ACB-PRO CARNIVOROS]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno Programa de Ecología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>174</fpage>
<lpage>190</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-38962021000400174&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-38962021000400174&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-38962021000400174&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  (Introducción):  Por décadas, petróleo crudo en emulsión con aguas de formación discurrieron desde un pasivo ambiental petrolífero a orillas del lago Titicaca.  (Objetivo):  planteándose estimar la superficie terrestre afectada y degradada por dicha fuente contaminante y determinar su efecto en la flora y vegetación silvestre en Ahuallani, Puno-Perú.  (Metodología):  Se delimitó el área mediante imágenes Landsat, diferenciándose zonas de mayor o menor impacto mediante software QGIS, georreferenciándose los bordes del área in situ; se evaluó la flora y vegetación con cuadrantes de 1 m2 distribuidos aleatoriamente, los datos se analizaron mediante índices de diversidad Shannon-Wiener, Simpson y Jaccard, y prueba de Kruskall Wallis según zonas homogéneas.  (Resultados):  El área total afectada alcanzó 96.54 ha, de las cuales en 94.8 ha (98.2 %) conformaron una zona de dispersión (ZD) del fluido contaminante, donde se diferenció una superficie degradada de 29.7 ha con absoluta ausencia de vegetación y otra área de halófitas de 65.1 ha. Se diferencia además una zona circundante al pozo desde donde brotaba el petróleo crudo (ZP) y una zona del canal (ZC), ambas conformaron el 1.8 % del área afectada. Mayor diversidad florística presentó la ZP con 22 especies, el área de halófitas sólo presentó tres; la densidad fue estadísticamente similar con 30.33 plantas/m2 para la ZP, 20.33 plantas/m2 para ZC y 13.67 plantas/m2 para el área de halófitas. Así mismo, para ZP el H&#8217; = 0.90±0.33a y la D = 0.72±0.13, para ZC el H&#8217; = 0.90±0.33a y la D = 0.67±0.15, finalmente para ZD el H&#8217; = 0.16±0.11b y la D = 0.49±0.10, según J&#8217; ZP y ZD (19.35% similitud), y la densidad vegetacional ZD = 30.33, ZC = 20.33 y ZD = 13.67.  (Conclusiones):  Resaltando en esta última la abundancia natural de Sarcocornia pulvinata, con potencial valor para implementar estrategias de fitorremediación en la localidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  (Introduccion): By decades, crude oil in emulsion with formation waters flowed from petroleum environmental liability on shores of Titicaca lake.  (Objective): Before it was raised to estimate the land surface affected and degraded by said polluting source and determine its effect on the flora and vegetation in Ahuallani, Puno-Peru.  (Methodology):  Area was delimited by Landsat images, differentiating areas of greater or lesser impact using QGis software, georeferencing later the edges of the area in situ; flora and vegetation were evaluated with 1 m2 quadrants distributed randomly, data were analyzed using diversity indices and the Kruskall Wallis test according to homogeneous zones.  (Results): Total affected area reached 96.54 ha, of which 94.8 ha (98.2 %) formed a dispersal zone (ZD) of the contaminating fluid, where a degraded surface of 29.7 ha was distinguished with absence absolute of vegetation and another halophytes area of 65.1 ha. Also differentiates a surrounding area the hole from which the crude oil gushed out (ZP) and a channel area (ZC) through which it flowed to ZD, both conformed 1.8 % of the affected area. Floristic diversity greater showed ZP with 22 species, the halophyte area only presented three: Density was statistically similar with 30.33 plants/m2 for ZP, 20.33 plants/m2 for ZC and 13.67 plants/m2 for the halophyte area. Likewise, for ZP the H '= 0.90 ± 0.33a and the D = 0.72 ± 0.13, for ZC the H' = 0.90 ± 0.33a and the D = 0.67 ± 0.15, finally for ZD the H '= 0.16 ± 0.11b and the D = 0.49 ± 0.10, according to J 'ZP and ZD (19.35 % similarity), and the vegetation density ZD = 30.33, ZC = 20.33 and ZD = 13.67.  (Conclusions):  Highlighting in it natural abundance of Sarcocornia pulvinata, with potential value to implement phytoremediation strategies in the locality.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Aguas de formación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[área afectada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contaminación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[halófitas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[petróleo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Affected area]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[halophytes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[petroleum]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pollution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[water formation.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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