<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3896</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Ciencias Ambientales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ciencias Ambientales]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3896</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-38962021000400001</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15359/rca.55-2.1</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[América Latina: ¿Un paraíso de la contaminación ambiental?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Latin America: An environmental pollution haven?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freire-Vinueza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Camila]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meneses]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karla]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuesta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Las Americas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quito ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Las Americas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quito ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Las Americas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quito ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>18</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-38962021000400001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-38962021000400001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-38962021000400001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  (Introducción):  El deterioro ambiental a nivel mundial es un tema de constante preocupación que ha desencadenado múltiples esfuerzos por encontrar sus determinantes, como también cuestionamientos del estilo de crecimiento que adoptan los distintos países.  (Objetivo): Evidenciar empíricamente la relación entre la contaminación, el ingreso por persona y la inversión extranjera directa (IED) en América Latina.  (Metodología):  Empleando un panel de datos de mínimos cuadrados generalizados factibles (MCGF) anuales desde 1980 al 2015 en 15 países de América Latina, utilizando la teoría de la curva de Kuznets ambiental (CKA) y el paraíso de la contaminación ambiental (PCA).  (Resultados):  Se encuentra que mayores niveles de IED están asociados con incrementos de la contaminación, pero esta relación se logra invertir cuando las economías latinoamericanas mejoran su ingreso per cápita por encima de los 10 380 USD, en promedio.  (Conclusiones):  Se comprueba la hipótesis de la curva de Kuznets ambiental y hay indicios de que la región latinoamericana es considerada un paraíso de la contaminación ambiental, hallazgos que suman a los esfuerzos para revisar las políticas de atracción de IED en la región.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  (Introduction):  The global environmental degradation is a matter of constant concern that triggered multiple efforts to find its determinants, as well as questioning the growth style adopted by different countries.  (Objective):  Provide empirical evidence of the relationship between pollution, income per person, and foreign direct investment (FDI).  (Methodology):  Using an annual panel data of Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) from 1980 to 2015 in 15 Latin American countries, using the theory of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and the Environmental Pollution Haven (EPH).  (Results):  It is found that increased levels of FDI are associated with a higher pollution, but this relationship is reversed when Latin American economies improve their per capita income above USD 10 380, on average.  (Conclusions):  The hypothesis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve is verified and there are signs that the Latin American region is considered an Environmental Pollution Haven, findings that add efforts to review policies to attract FDI in the region.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Contaminación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[curva de Kuznets ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[IED]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ingreso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[paraíso de la contaminación.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental Kuznets curve]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[FDI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[income]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pollution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pollution haven.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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