<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3896</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Ciencias Ambientales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ciencias Ambientales]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3896</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-38962021000100032</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15359/rca.55-1.2</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Impacto sobre el cambio climático del ciclo de vida de las tarimas de madera elaboradas en la región Huetar Norte de Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Climate change impact of the life cycle of wooden pallets made in the Northern Huetar region in Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solano Salmerón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonseca González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ugalde Alfaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Federico Alice]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ente Costarricense de Acreditación (ECA)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales Instituto de Investigación y Servicios Ambientales]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Oficina Nacional Forestal  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>32</fpage>
<lpage>48</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-38962021000100032&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-38962021000100032&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-38962021000100032&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  (Introducción):  El Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) es una metodología robusta y reconocida para determinar la magnitud de los impactos ambientales de un producto.  (Objetivo):  El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el impacto sobre el cambio climático de las tarimas de madera.  (Metodología):  Los límites del sistema van desde la preparación del terreno para establecer las plantaciones, hasta la puerta de llegada a la empacadora de fruta. Se evaluaron dos unidades funcionales: a) una tarima con dimensiones comerciales para la manipulación y trasiego de productos agrícolas y b) un metro cúbico de madera para producción de tarimas. La temporalidad de los datos comprendió al periodo 2014-2017 y la de los resultados del Análisis de Ciclo de Vida un ciclo de rotación de 12 años para plantaciones de melina (Gmelina arborea Roxb). Se evaluaron dos sistemas de producto: con biomasa en el tratamiento térmico y con gas LP.  (Resultados):  El primero presentó un impacto potencial levemente menor. En ambos casos, la combustión de diésel asociada al transporte de madera rolliza fue la etapa más intensa en emisiones, libera cerca de 1.61 kg CO2-eq tarima-1 y 43.22 kg CO2-eq m-3. El diésel, en todas las etapas del ciclo de vida, es la principal fuente de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero, ya que libera 2.31 kg CO2-eq tarima-1 y 86.57 kg CO2-eq m-3.  (Conclusiones): Las oportunidades de mejora en el desempeño ambiental del producto se encuentran en el uso de vehículos de carga más eficientes y en la reducción de la distancia entre las plantaciones forestales y la planta de aserrío.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  (Introduction):  Life Cycle Analysis is a powerful and well-recognized methodology to determine a product&#8217;s environmental impact  (Objective): The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of wooden pallets on climate change.  (Methodology):  The scope of the system ranges from land preparation to establish the plantations to the arrival gate at the fruit packing house. Two functional units were assessed: a) a pallet with commercial dimensions for handling of agricultural products and b) a cubic meter of wood to produce pallets. The study included data from the 2014-2017 period, and life cycle results included a whole rotation equivalent to 12 years for the gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb) plantations. Two product systems were evaluated: using biomass in the heat treatment and using LP gas.  (Results): The former presented a slightly smaller potential impact. In both cases, the diesel combustion associated with roundwood transport was the most emissions intense stage, releasing approximately 1.61 kg CO2-eq pallet-1 and 43.22 kg CO2-eq m-3. Diesel is the primary source of greenhouse gas emissions in all life cycle stages, releasing 2.31 kg CO2-eq pallet-1 and 86.57 kg CO2-eq m-3.  (Conclusions): Opportunities to improve the product&#8217;s environmental performance include using more efficient loading vehicles and reducing the distance between forest plantations and the sawmill.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cambio climático]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación de Impacto de Ciclo de Vida (EICV)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[huella de carbono de producto (HCP)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inventario de Ciclo de Vida (ICV)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[productos biogénicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[productos de madera recolectada (PMR)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[productos forestales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Biogenic products]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[climate change]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[forest products]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Harvested Wood Products (HWP)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Product Carbon Footprint (PCF)]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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