<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3896</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Ciencias Ambientales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ciencias Ambientales]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3896</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-38962019000100001</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15359/rca.53-1.1</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efectos de un derrame de petróleo crudo en la comunidad de macroinvertebrados bentónicos de un río amazónico ecuatoriano]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of a Crude Oil Spill in the Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community of an Ecuadorian Amazon River]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lafuente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wilson]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luz Marina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez-Granda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí (UNESUM), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y de la Agricultura ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Zulia Facultad Experimental de Ciencias Departamento de Biología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) Centro del Agua y Desarrollo Sustentable ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>22</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-38962019000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-38962019000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-38962019000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Los derrames de petróleo constituyen una fuente importante de perturbación de los macroinvertebrados bentónicos de aguas continentales. Sin embargo, los estudios referentes a estas perturbaciones en las regiones tropicales, y particularmente en el Neotrópico, son limitados. En el presente trabajo se evaluaron los efectos de un derrame de 11 700 barriles de petróleo en las comunidades de macroinvertebrados bentónicos de los ríos Santa Rosa, Quijos y Coca, amazonia ecuatoriana, mediante el uso de índices bióticos, variables de calidad de agua y sedimentos, tanto en sitios impactados como en sitios de referencia en los años 2011 y 2012. Las correlaciones de Spearman establecieron relaciones negativas significativas (p &lt; 0.05) entre la variable &#8220;hidrocarburos totales de petróleo&#8221; y los taxa Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera (índice EPT), Trichoptera, y la familia Elmidae. Se estableció una relación inversa entre el índice SIGNAL2 con los hidrocarburos totales de petróleo. El procedimiento de permutación de respuesta múltiple determinó una diferencia entre las comunidades de macroinvertebrados de estaciones de referencia e impactadas del año 2011, y entre las comunidades de macroinvertebrados de estaciones de referencia año 2011 y estaciones impactadas año 2012. El escalamiento multidimensional no-métrico implicó usar tres dimensiones, en el cual el eje dos estuvo mejor relacionado con los hidrocarburos totales de petróleo (r = 0.45). Estos resultados sugieren que factores distintos a hidrocarburos totales de petróleo son los responsables de la composición heterogénea de las comunidades de macroinvertebrados.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Oil spills are a major source of disturbance to benthic macroinvertebrates from inland waters. However, studies regarding these disturbances in tropical regions, and particularly in the Neotropics, are limited. This study evaluates the effects of a 11,700-barrel heavy crude oil spill on the benthic macroinvertebrate community of Santa Rosa, Quijos and Coca rivers, Ecuadorian Amazon. The evaluation used a biotic index and water quality and sediments variables, both in the impacted sites and in the reference sites during two field trips in 2011 and 2012. Spearman correlations established significant negative relationships (p &lt;0.05) between total petroleum hydrocarbons and Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera (EPT index), Trichoptera, and Elmidae family taxa. An inverse relationship was established between the SIGNAL2 index and total petroleum hydrocarbons. A multiple response permutation procedure (MRPP) determined a difference between the macroinvertebrate communities of reference and the impacted stations in 2011, and between the macroinvertebrate communities of reference stations 2011 and stations impacted in 2012. Non-metric multidimensional scaling involved using three dimensions, in which axis two was better related to total petroleum hydrocarbons (r = 0.45). These results suggest that factors other than total petroleum hydrocarbons are responsible for the heterogeneous composition of the macroinvertebrate communities.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Índices bióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neotrópico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[recuperación ecológica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biotic indices]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ecological recovery]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Neotropics]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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