<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3470</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Uniciencia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Uniciencia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3470</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-34702021000100108</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15359/ru.35-1.7</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis de las actividades sobre variabilidad estadística en los libros de texto de educación secundaria: Una mirada desde las propuestas internacionales]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Analysis of statistical variability activities in secondary education textbooks: a study from an international proposal standpoint]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Análise das atividades sobre variabilidade estatística nos livros de texto do ensino médio: Uma visão a partir das propostas internacionais]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Alveal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Levicoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Danilo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Bío-Bío  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Chillán]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica del Maule  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Talca]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Villarrica]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>108</fpage>
<lpage>123</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-34702021000100108&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-34702021000100108&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-34702021000100108&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El propósito de este trabajo es analizar las actividades sobre variabilidad en los libros de texto de educación secundaria, que proporciona gratuitamente el Ministerio de Educación chileno, de acuerdo con las directrices entregadas por la Asociación Americana de Estadística para la Evaluación e Instrucción en Estadística Educacional y los Estándares Estatales Comunes Americanos de Matemática. Se sigue una metodología cualitativa, utilizando el análisis de contenido. La muestra fue de tipo intencionada y conformada por ocho libros de texto de enseñanza secundaria (de 1.º a 4.º año), los que se encuentran en concordancia con las actuales bases curriculares para matemática en Chile. Los resultados evidencian que, en general, estos libros de texto no emplean datos reales y no mencionan los tipos de variabilidad presentes en la captura de información para su resumen, como la variabilidad natural, inducida y muestral. Asimismo, los contenidos son frecuentemente abordados de manera procedimental, lo cual restringe la enseñanza a la aplicación de fórmulas y, en casos puntuales, a aclarar ciertas notaciones. Además, no se hace un uso pedagógico de las herramientas computacionales como Excel o GeoGebra. El estudio evidenció las falencias que presentan los libros de texto para la enseñanza de la variabilidad, como entregar definiciones claras y su rol en estadística. Por ello, el profesorado debe complementar lo indicado en esas obras con nuevas lecturas y artículos científicos en los que se traten estos temas, como la introducción de metodologías adecuadas para la enseñanza de la estadística y la probabilidad; la enseñanza mediante proyectos; el estudio de casos en el cual intervengan situaciones problemáticas, donde este concepto juegue un rol fundamental en la toma de decisiones.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyze variability activities in secondary education textbooks, which are provided free of charge by the Chilean Ministry of Education, in accordance with the Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education endorsed by the American Statistical Association and the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics. A qualitative methodology is followed, using content analysis as a method. Sampling was intentional and included eight textbooks of secondary education (freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior), which are in accordance with the current math curriculum in Chile. Results show that, in general, these textbooks do not use real data and do not mention the types of variability, whether natural, induced, or sample variability, to summarize information. In addition, contents are frequently approached in a procedural manner, which restricts teaching to using formulas and, in specific cases, to clarifying certain notations. There is no pedagogical use of computational tools like Excel or GeoGebra. The study evidenced textbook flaws to teach variability, including a lack of clear definitions and their role in statistics. Therefore, teachers should complement what has been indicated in the textbook with new readings and scientific articles on these topics, such as the introduction of appropriate methodologies to teaching statistics and probability, teaching through projects, and case studies with problematic situations in which this concept plays a fundamental role in the decision making.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Este trabalho tem como propósito analisar as atividades sobre variabilidade nos livros de texto do ensino médio, proporcionados gratuitamente pelo Ministério de Educação no Chile, de acordo com as orientações entregues pela Associação Americana de Estatística para a Avaliação e Instrução em Estatística Educacional e pelas Diretrizes Estaduais Comuns Americanas de Matemática. Segue-se uma metodologia qualitativa, utilizando a análise de conteúdo. A amostragem foi intencional e conformada por oito livros de texto do ensino médio (do 1.º ao 4.º ano), que estão de acordo com as atuais bases curriculares para matemática no Chile. Os resultados evidenciam que, em geral, esses livros de texto não empregam dados reais e não mencionam os tipos de variabilidade presentes na captação de informação para seu resumo, como a variabilidade natural, induzida e de amostragem. Igualmente, os conteúdos são frequentemente abordados de maneira procedimental, restringindo ao ensino à aplicação de fórmulas e, em casos pontuais, a esclarecer certas notações. Além disso, não se faz um uso pedagógico das ferramentas tecnológicas como Excel ou GeoGebra. O estudo evidenciou as falências apresentadas nos livros de texto para o ensino da variabilidade, como entregar definições claras e seu papel em estatística. Por isso, o professorado deve complementar o indicado nesses textos com novas leituras e artigos científicos que tratem desses temas, como a introdução de metodologias adequadas para o ensino da estatística e da probabilidade; o ensino por meio de projetos; o estudo de casos no qual intervenham situações problemáticas, onde este conceito desempenhe um papel fundamental na tomada de decisões.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Variabilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[actividades escolares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estadística]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[libros de texto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación secundaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación matemática]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[variability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[school activities]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[statistics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[textbooks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[secondary education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mathematics education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Variabilidade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[atividades escolares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[estatística]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[livros de texto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ensino médio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[educação matemática]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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