<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3411</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos International Journal of Dental Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3411</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Odontología. Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-34112026000100285</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/6hh65d31</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Changes in Buccolingual Inclination of the Posterior Maxillary Teeth with Forces Applied from the Mini-Implants in the Sagittal and Vertical Direction-A non-Randomized Clinical Study]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Cambios en la inclinación bucolingual de los dientes maxilares posteriores con fuerzas aplicadas con mini-implantes en dirección sagital y vertical: un estudio clínico no aleatorizado]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Felicita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. Sumathi]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uma-Maheswari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Saveetha University Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Saveetha University Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Department of Oral Medicine, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>285</fpage>
<lpage>298</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-34112026000100285&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-34112026000100285&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-34112026000100285&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract To compare the changes in the buccolingual inclination of the posterior teeth when forces are applied from mini-implants placed on the buccal side of the maxillary posterior teeth in both sagittal and vertical directions. Sixteen young patients requiring distal movement of the maxillary teeth with mini-implants and ten patients requiring intrusion of the posterior teeth with mini-implants were included in group 1(G1) and group 2(G2), respectively. In G1,200 grams of sagittal forces were applied bilaterally using NiTi coil springs from mini-implants placed between the maxillary second premolar and first permanent molar to attachments on a 0.018"X0.025" stainless steel wire in the anterior region. In G2,200 grams of vertical forces were applied bilaterally through an elastic thread from the mini-implants onto a 0.019"X0.025" stainless steel archwire. CBCT scans were taken before and towards the end of distalisation/intrusion. Paired t-tests and Independent t-tests were performed. There was statistically significant buccal tipping of the maxillary second premolar in G2 (p-value of .008) accompanied by mild buccal tipping in G1. However, not statistically significant, mild buccal tipping of the maxillary second molar was observed in both groups. The maxillary first molar though not statistically significant demonstrated lingual tipping in G1 while no changes in buccolingual inclination were noted in G2. There was a clinically significant buccal tipping of maxillary second molar and second premolar in G1 and G2, lingual tipping of the maxillary first molar in G1. Significant changes were observed in the buccolingual inclination of the maxillary second premolars and second molars when forces were applied in the sagittal and vertical direction in the buccal direction. Lingual tipping of the maxillary first molar was noted in the sagittal direction.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Comparar los cambios en la inclinación bucolingual de los dientes posteriores cuando se aplican fuerzas con mini-implantes colocados en la cara bucal de los dientes posteriores maxilares en dirección sagital y vertical. Se incluyeron dieciséis pacientes jóvenes que requerían el movimiento distal de los dientes maxilares mediante mini-implantes y diez pacientes que requerían intrusión de los dientes posteriores con mini-implantes, conformando el grupo 1 (G1) y el grupo 2 (G2), respectivamente. En G1, se aplicaron fuerzas sagitales de 200 gramos bilateralmente utilizando resortes de NiTi desde mini-implantes colocados entre el segundo premolar maxilar y el primer molar permanente hacia aditamentos en un arco de acero inoxidable de 0.018" x 0.025" en la región anterior. En G2, se aplicaron fuerzas verticales de 200 gramos bilateralmente mediante un hilo elástico desde los mini-implantes hacia un arco de acero inoxidable de 0.019" x 0.025". Se realizaron tomografías CBCT antes y al final del proceso de distalización/intrusión. Se aplicaron pruebas t pareadas y pruebas t independientes. Se observó una inclinación bucal estadísticamente significativa del segundo premolar maxilar en G2 (valor p=0.008), acompañada de una inclinación bucal leve en G1. Aunque no estadísticamente significativa, se evidenció una inclinación bucal leve del segundo molar maxilar en ambos grupos. El primer molar maxilar, aunque sin significancia estadística, mostró inclinación lingual en G1, mientras que no se observaron cambios en la inclinación bucolingual en G2. Se evidenció clínicamente una inclinación bucal significativa del segundo molar y del segundo premolar maxilar en G1 y G2, así como inclinación lingual del primer molar maxilar en G1. Se observaron cambios significativos en la inclinación bucolingual de los segundos premolares y segundos molares maxilares cuando las fuerzas fueron aplicadas en dirección sagital y vertical desde la cara bucal. Se registró inclinación lingual del primer molar maxilar en dirección sagital.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Distal movement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Intrusion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Posterior teeth]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mini-implants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Buccolingual inclination]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Forces]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Movimiento distal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Intrusión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Dientes posteriores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mini-implantes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inclinación bucolingual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fuerzas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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