<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3411</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos International Journal of Dental Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3411</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Odontología. Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-34112023000200103</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/ijds.2022.50369</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Immunoexpression of ALDH1A1, FGFR2, CD44 and Caspase-3 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Leukoplakia: A pilot study]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Inmunoexpresión de ALDH1A1, FGFR2, CD44 y Caspasa-3 en Carcinoma Oral de Células Escamosas y Leucoplasias: un estudio piloto]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boza-Oreamuno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yadira V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Carmona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jessie F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Costa Rica Faculty of Dentistry Department of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Costa Rica Faculty of Dentistry Department of Restorative Sciences]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>103</fpage>
<lpage>111</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-34112023000200103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-34112023000200103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-34112023000200103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Current research highlighted the importance to recognize feasible biomarkers for early diagnoses and treatment in oral cancer. Our study analyzed the expression and spatial distribution of ALDH1A1, FGFR2, caspase-3, and CD44 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and leukoplakia with and without oral mucosal dysplasia. Paraffin-embedded samples of OSCC (n=5), leukoplakia with (n=5) and without (n=5) dysplasia obtained by incisional biopsies were processed using conventional histochemical techniques. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against ALDH1A1, FGFR2, caspase-3, and CD44. Images of the immunohistochemically stained tissue sections were analyzed according to the intensity of the immunostaining of each marker and classified in Scores. The Kruskal- Wallis test was performed (p&#8804;0.05). Our results demonstrated a statically difference in the expression of all immunomarkers between OSCC and leukoplakia without dysplasia, being more significant in FGFR2 and ALDH1A1. Within the limitations of this study, our data showed that all biomarkers were overexpressed in OSCC and leukoplakia with oral mucosa dysplasia, suggesting that the presence of dysplasia is a significant clinic-pathologic predictor for malignant transformation.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La actual evidencia científica enfatiza la importancia de reconocer biomarcadores viables para el diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano del cáncer oral. Nuestro estudio piloto analizó la expresión y distribución espacial de ALDH1A1, FGFR2, caspasa-3 y CD44 en carcinoma oral de células escamosas (COCE) y en leucoplasia con o sin displasia de la mucosa oral. Las muestras incluidas en parafina de COCE (n=5), con (n=5) y sin (n=5) displasia fueron obtenidas mediante biopsias incisionales, las cuales se procesaron utilizando técnicas histoquímicas convencionales. El análisis inmunohistoquímico se realizó utilizando anticuerpos contra ALDH1A1, FGFR2, caspasa-3 y CD44. Las imágenes de las secciones de cada muestra fueron analizadas según la intensidad de inmunoexpresión de cada marcador y se clasificaron en diferentes escalas (scores). Se realizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis (valores de p&lt;0,05). Nuestros resultados demostraron una diferencia estadística en la expresión de todos los inmunomarcadores entre COCE y las muestras con leucoplasia sin displasia, siendo más significativa en FGFR2 y ALDH1A1. Considerando las limitaciones de este estudio, los datos sugieren que la presencia de displasia en la mucosa oral es un importante predictor clínico-patológico de transformación maligna.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Oral cancer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Squamous cell carcinoma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Leukoplakia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ALDH1A1]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[FGFR2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Caspase-3]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CD44]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cáncer bucal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Carcinoma oral de células escamosas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Leucoplasia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ALDH1A1]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[FGFR2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Caspasa-3]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[CD44]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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