<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3411</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos International Journal of Dental Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3411</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Odontología. Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-34112022000100067</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/ijds.2021.46376</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Determination of the whitening effect of toothpastes on human teeth]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Determinación del efecto blanqueador de los dentífricos en dientes humanos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayd&#305;n]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Numan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karao&#287;lano&#287;lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Serpil]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oktay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elif Aybala]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ersöz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bilge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Health Sciences Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry Department of Restorative Dental Treatment]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Turkey</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Health Sciences Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry Department of Restorative Dental Treatment]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Turkey</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Health Sciences Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry Department of Restorative Dental Treatment]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Turkey</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Health Sciences Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry Department of Restorative Dental Treatment]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Turkey</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>67</fpage>
<lpage>75</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-34112022000100067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-34112022000100067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-34112022000100067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The desire of individuals to have whiter teeth increases the interest in tooth whitening products. Our aim was to in vitro study the whitening effect of hydrogen peroxide, blue covarine and active charcoal containing whitening toothpastes on human teeth. A total of 40 extracted human incisor teeth were used in the study. To measure the whitening effect of toothpastes, the teeth were divided into four subgroups and placed in the phantom tooth jaw model. Then, daily brushing was done with an electric toothbrush. The colors of the teeth were measured initially using the spectrophotometer (single point and bleached shade mode) and at the end of 7th, 14th and 28th days. Whitening effectiveness of toothpastes were studied according to CIEDE2000 formula (&#916;E00) and shade guide units (SGU). One- way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were used in the statistical analysis of the data. (p&lt;0.05). Activated charcoal containing toothpaste showed the greatest whitening effect at the end of 7th, 14th and 28th days (p&lt;0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the whitening effects of hydrogen peroxide and conventional toothpaste (p&gt;0.05). Blue covarine containing toothpaste had statistically the lowest whitening effect (p&lt;0.05). All toothpastes showed a whitening effect on the teeth after 7 days of use. Activated charcoal containing toothpaste showed more whitening effect after 28 days of use than hydrogen peroxide, blue covarine and traditional toothpaste.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El deseo de los individuos de tener unos dientes más blancos aumenta el interés por los productos de blanqueamiento dental. Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar el efecto blanqueador de las pastas dentales blanqueadoras que contienen peróxido de hidrógeno, covarina azul y carbón activo en dientes humanos in vitro. En el estudio se utilizaron un total de 40 dientes incisivos humanos extraídos. Para medir el efecto blanqueador de los dentífricos, los dientes se dividieron en cuatro subgrupos y se colocaron en el modelo de diente fantasma en mandíbula. A continuación, se realizó un cepillado diario con un cepillo eléctrico. El color de los dientes se midió inicialmente con un espectrofotómetro (modo de punto único y tono blanqueado) y al final de los días 7, 14 y 28. Se estudió la eficacia blanqueadora de los dentífricos según la fórmula CIEDE2000 (&#916;E00) y las unidades de guía de color (SGU). En el análisis estadístico de los datos se utilizó el análisis de varianza de una vía (ANOVA) y la prueba de Tukey. (p&lt;0.05). La pasta de dientes con carbón activado mostró el mayor efecto blanqueador al final de los días 7, 14 y 28 (p&lt;0,05). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los efectos blanqueadores del peróxido de hidrógeno y el dentífrico convencional (p&gt;0,05). El dentífrico que contiene covarina azul tuvo estadísticamente el menor efecto blanqueador (p&lt;0,05). Todos los dentífricos mostraron un efecto blanqueador en los dientes después de 7 días de uso. Los dentífricos con carbón activado mostraron un mayor efecto blanqueador tras 28 días de uso que el peróxido de hidrógeno, la covarina azul y el dentífrico tradicional.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Whitening toothpastes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Active charcoal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Blue covarine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tooth whitening]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Dentífrico blanqueador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Carbón activado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Covarina azul]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Blanqueamiento dental]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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