<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3411</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos International Journal of Dental Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3411</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Odontología. Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-34112021000300137</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/ijds.2021.45930</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Estimation of salivary malondialdehyde Levels in smokeless tobacco chewers with chronic periodontitis-A cross sectional clinico biochemical study]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estimación de los niveles de malondialdehído salival en masticadores de tabaco sin humo con periodontitis crónica: un estudio bioquímico clínico transversal]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Warad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Shivaraj B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pattanashetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jyoti]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalburgi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nagaraj]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koregol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arati]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Subramaniam]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,PMNM Dental College &amp; Hospital Department of Periodontics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Karnataka ]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,PMNM Dental College &amp; Hospital Department of Periodontics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Karnataka ]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,PMNM Dental College &amp; Hospital Department of Periodontics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Karnataka ]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,PMNM Dental College &amp; Hospital Department of Periodontics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Karnataka ]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,PMNM Dental College &amp; Hospital Department of Periodontics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Karnataka ]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>137</fpage>
<lpage>146</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-34112021000300137&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-34112021000300137&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-34112021000300137&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT: Despite the reported effects of smokeless tobacco (ST) on the periodontium and high prevalence of ST use in rural populations and in males studies on this specific topic are limited. The purpose of this cross-sectional investigation was to measure lipid peroxidation (as an end product of oxidative stress) end product i.e. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in saliva of patients with gingivitis, chronic periodontitis and to assess the influence of smokeless tobacco on Salivary Malondialdehyde (S-MDA). Total 30 patients with gingivitis, 30 with chronic periodontitis and 30 Smokeless Tobacco Chewers with Chronic Periodontitis and 30 periodontally healthy subjects were included in the study. Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PD), and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) were recorded followed by stimulated Saliva sample collection. Salivary MDA Levels were assessed by UV Spectrophotometry. There was a statistically significant increase in the salivary MDA levels in gingivitis, chronic periodontitis and in smokeless tobacco chewers with chronic periodontitis when compared with healthy group. Higher salivary MDA levels in gingivitis group, chronic periodontitis, and smokeless tobacco chewers with chronic periodontitis reflects increasedoxygen radical activity during periodontal inflammation.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN: A pesar de los efectos reportados del tabaco sin humo (TS) sobre el periodonto y la alta prevalencia del uso de TS en poblaciones rurales y en hombres, los estudios sobre este tema específico son limitados. El propósito de esta investigación transversal fue medir el producto final de la peroxidación lipídica (como producto final del estrés oxidativo), es decir, malondialdehído (MDA) en la saliva de pacientes con gingivitis, periodontitis crónica y evaluar la influencia del tabaco sin humo en el malondialdehído salival (S-MDA). Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 30 pacientes con gingivitis, 30 con periodontitis crónica y 30 masticadores de tabaco sin humo con periodontitis crónica y 30 sujetos periodontalmente sanos. Se registraron el índice de placa (PI), el índice gingival (GI), la profundidad de la bolsa de sondeo (PD) y la pérdida de adherencia clínica (CAL), seguidos de la recogida de muestras de saliva estimuladas. Los niveles de MDA en saliva se evaluaron mediante espectrofotometría UV. Hubo un aumento estadísticamente significativo en los niveles de MDA en saliva en gingivitis, periodontitis crónica y en masticadores de tabaco sin humo con periodontitis crónica en comparación con el grupo sano. Los niveles más altos de MDA en saliva en el grupo de gingivitis, periodontitis crónica y masticadores de tabaco sin humo con periodontitis crónica reflejan un aumento de la actividad de los radicales de oxígeno durante la inflamación periodontal.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Periodontitis (CP)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Smokeless tobacco chewer with chronic periodontitis (STCCP)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Lipid peroxidation (LPO)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Malondialdehyde (MDA)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Oxidative stress (OS)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Thio barbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Periodontitis (CP)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Masticador de tabaco sin humo con periodontitis crónica (STCCP)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Peroxidación de lípidos (LPO)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Malondialdehído (MDA)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estrés oxidativo (OS)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sustancias que reaccionan al ácido tio barbitúrico (TBARS)]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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