<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3411</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos International Journal of Dental Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3411</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Odontología. Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-34112021000200181</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/ijds.2021.45650</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Prevalence of Dental Caries Among Costa Rican Male Students Aged 12-22 Years Using ICDAS-II]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gudiño-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sylvia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adrián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molina-Chaves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Katherine]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barahona-Cubillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fantin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Romain]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barboza-Solís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Odontología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Odontología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Odontología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Odontología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Centro Centroamericano de Población ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Odontología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>181</fpage>
<lpage>195</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-34112021000200181&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-34112021000200181&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-34112021000200181&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT: Objective: Dental decay is a public health challenge in Low- and Middle- Income Countries, particularly for young people, often confronted to healthcare access barriers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of dental caries among young male students in Costa Rica. Study design: A cross-sectional study was performed in 428 Costa Rican male students aged 12-22 years, who attended a nonprofit social welfare boarding school in 2019. A clinical examination was ran by three calibrated examiners following the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II). Results: Caries prevalence was estimated at 83%, 15% have lost a tooth due to dental decay, 61% have at least one filled tooth, 36% have at least one filled and decayed tooth. The most frequent caries lesions were codes 2-Inactive (46.7%) and code 1-Inactive (23.8%). DMFT indicated a mean index using ICDAS-II 1-6&gt;0 codes of 7.89. Using ICDAS-II 3-6&gt;0 as threshold, the index decreases to 3.94. Finally, the lower and upper first permanent molars were found to be the most affected teeth. Conclusions: Dental caries experience represents a significant public health burden in young people, requiring better access to public dental healthcare.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN: Objetivo: La caries dental continúa siendo uno de los grandes desafíos de salud pública en los países de ingresos bajos y medios, en particular para los jóvenes, que a menudo se enfrentan a barreras de acceso a la atención médica y odontológica. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia y severidad de la caries dental entre jóvenes estudiantes varones en Costa Rica. Diseño del estudio: se realizó un estudio transversal con 428 estudiantes varones costarricenses de entre 12 y 22 años, que asistieron a un internado de asistencia social sin fines de lucro llamado Ciudad de los Niños en 2019. Tres examinadores calibrados realizaron un examen clínico siguiendo el Sistema Internacional de Detección y Evaluación de Caries. (ICDAS-II). Resultados: La prevalencia de caries se estimó en 83%, el 15% ha perdido un diente debido a caries dental, el 61% tiene al menos un diente obturado, el 36% tiene al menos un diente obturado y con caries. Las lesiones de caries más frecuentes fueron los códigos 2-Inactivo (46,7%) y el código 1-Inactivo (23,8%). CPOD indicó un índice medio utilizando códigos ICDAS-II 1-6&gt;0 de 7,89. Usando ICDAS-II 3-6&gt;0 como umbral, el índice disminuye a 3,94. Finalmente, los primeros molares permanentes inferiores y superiores resultaron ser los dientes más afectados. Conclusiones: La experiencia de la caries dental representa una carga de salud pública significativa en los jóvenes, que requiere un mejor acceso a la atención médica dental pública.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ICDAS-II]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Prevalence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dental caries]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dental experience]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[DMFT]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Adolescents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Young people]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Costa Rica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Low-and Middle-Income Country]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ICDAS-II]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Prevalencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Caries dental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Experiencia dental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[CPOD]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[adolescentes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Jóvenes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Costa Rica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[País de ingresos bajos y medios.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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