<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3411</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos International Journal of Dental Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3411</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Odontología. Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-34112021000100155</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/ijds.2021.43860</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cephalometric Evaluation of Nasopharyngeal Airway and Hyoid Bone Position in Subgroups of Class II Malocclusions]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación cefalométrica de la vía área nasofaríngea y posición del hueso hioides en subgrupos de maloclusión clase II]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buyukcavus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Muhammed Hilmi]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kocakara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gönül]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Suleyman Demirel University Department of Orthodontics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Turkey</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>155</fpage>
<lpage>167</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-34112021000100155&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-34112021000100155&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-34112021000100155&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The aim of the study is to evaluate pharyngeal airway dimensions and hyoid bone position according to different Class II malocclusion types in Turkish population. Materials and Methods: The retrospective clinical study consisted of patients divided into 3 subgroups with skeletal Class II malocclusion. A total of 221 individuals (131 females and 90 males) were included in the study. Individuals with skeletal Class II malocclusion were divided into three subgroups as maxillary prognathia, mandibular retrognathia and combined. In the cephalometric analysis; 8 nasopharyngeal, 7 oropharyngeal, 2 hypopharyngeal, 9 hyoid measurements and 4 area measurements were used. The distribution of sex and growth-development stages of the patients were compared with the Pearson chi-square test. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate patients. Tukey Post-Hoc tests were used for bilateral comparisons for significant parameters. SPSS package program was used for data analysis. Results were considered statistically significant at p&lt;0.05 significance level. Results: According to findings, there was no significant difference between the groups in nasopharyngeal airway and area measurements (p&gt;0.05). When the position of the hyoid bone was evaluated, a statistically significant difference was found between the three groups in the measurements of Hy-Pg (mm) (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Linear and areal nasopharyngeal airway dimensions are similar in subgroups of Class II malocclusions, while the distance of the hyoid bone from the pogonion is less in the mandibular retrognathia group.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El objetivo del estudio es evaluar las dimensiones de las vías respiratorias faríngeas y la posición del hueso hioides según los diferentes tipos de maloclusión de clase II en la población turca. Materiales y métodos: El estudio clínico retrospectivo consistió en pacientes divididos en 3 subgrupos con maloclusión esquelética de Clase II. Un total de 221 individuos (131 mujeres y 90 hombres) fueron incluidos en el estudio. Los individuos con maloclusión esquelética de Clase II fueron divididos en tres subgrupos como prognatismo maxilar, retrognatismo mandibular y combinados. En el análisis cefalométrico se utilizaron 8 medidas nasofaríngeas, 7 orofaríngeas, 2 hipofaríngeas, 9 medidas hioides y 4 medidas de área. La distribución del sexo y las etapas de desarrollo del crecimiento de los pacientes se compararon con la prueba de chi cuadrado de Pearson. Se utilizó un ANOVA unidireccional para evaluar a los pacientes. Las pruebas Tukey Post-Hoc se usaron para comparaciones bilaterales de parámetros significativos. El programa del paquete SPSS se usó para el análisis de datos. Los resultados se consideraron estadísticamente significativos a un nivel de significación p&lt;0,05. Resultados: De acuerdo con los hallazgos, no hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos en las mediciones de las vías respiratorias nasofaríngeas y el área (p&gt;0.05). Cuando se evaluó la posición del hueso hioides, se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los tres grupos en las mediciones de Hy-Pg (mm) (p&lt;0.05). Conclusión: Las dimensiones de las vías respiratorias nasofaríngeas lineales y areales son similares en los subgrupos de maloclusiones de Clase II, mientras que la distancia del hueso hioides al pogonion es menor en el grupo de retrognacia mandibular.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pharyngeal airway]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Retrognathic mandibula]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Prognathic maxilla]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Class II]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cephalometry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Vía área faríngea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mandíbula retrognática]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Maxila prognática, Clase II, Cefalometría]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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