<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3411</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos International Journal of Dental Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3411</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Odontología. Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-34112019000300010</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/ijds.2019.37947</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Nocebo/Placebo Effects in Dental Practice: Two Key Protagonists]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efectos Nocebo/Placebo en la práctica dental: Dos protagonistas clave]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chavarría-Bolaños]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pozos-Guillén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amaury]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montero-Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Faculty of Dentistry Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences Department]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Faculty of Dentistry Basic Science Laboratory]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Faculty of Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry Endodontics Section, Restorative Sciences Department]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>10</fpage>
<lpage>15</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-34112019000300010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-34112019000300010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-34112019000300010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Understanding the possible effects that a patient&#8217;s psycho-neurobiological processes (such as the nocebo effect) may have on the every-day dental treatments, could assist the clinicians in preventing the onset of adverse events not related directly with the clinical procedure. At the same time, employing pathways to trigger plausible placebo effects could aid the clinician to enhance the outcome of ordinary clinical procedures and the patient&#8217;s perspective. Identified factors, which could lead both to positive or negative effects, may be present in different ways. Prior personal experiences, second-hand information, alternative medicine, catastrophizing or patient motivation; all could have an indirect effect in the treatment outcome. A well-informed clinician should use such factors to individualize each patient treatment.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Comprender los posibles efectos que los procesos psico-neurobiológicos de un paciente (como el efecto nocebo) pueden tener en los tratamientos dentales diarios, podría ayudar a los clínicos a prevenir la aparición de eventos adversos que no estén relacionados directamente con el procedimiento clínico. Al mismo tiempo, el uso de vías para favorecer posibles efectos placebo podría ayudar al clínico a mejorar el resultado de sus procedimientos rutinarios y la perspectiva del paciente. Los factores identificados, ya sean positivos o negativos, pueden estar presentes de diferentes maneras. Experiencias personales anteriores, información de segunda mano, medicina alternativa, actitud catastrófica o motivación del paciente; todos podrían tener un efecto indirecto en el resultado del tratamiento. Un médico bien informado debe usar dichos factores para individualizar el tratamiento de cada paciente.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nocebo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Placebo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Adverse events]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Treatment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Outcome]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nocebo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Placebo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Eventos adversos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tratamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Resultados]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Testa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossettini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enhance placebo, avoid nocebo: How contextual factors affect physiotherapy outcomes.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Man Ther.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>65-74.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chavarria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Data-Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dodd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Placebo and Nocebo Phenomena: Their Clinical Management and Impact on Treatment Outcomes.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Ther.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>477-486.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Placebo and its evil twin, nocebo.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Dent Assoc.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>147</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>227-228.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dodd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Areview of the theoretical and biological understanding of the nocebo and placebo phenomena.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Ther.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>469-476.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fields]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The mechanism of placebo analgesia.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet.]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>654-657.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Darnall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colloca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Optimizing Placebo and Minimizing Nocebo to Reduce Pain, Catastrophizing, and Opioid Use: A Review of the Science and an Evidence-Informed Clinical Toolkit.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Rev Neurobiol.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>139</volume>
<page-range>129-157.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blasini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corsi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colloca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nocebo and pain: an overview of the psychoneurobiological mechanisms.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pain Rep.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pain catastrophizing in dental patients: implications for treatment management.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Dent Assoc.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>144</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1244-1251.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niddam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsieh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pain catastrophizing is associated with dental pain in a stressful context.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Dent Res.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>130-135.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Webster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weinman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Asystematic review of factors that contribute to nocebo effects.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Health Psychol.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1334-1335.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chamsi-Pasha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chamsi-Pasha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Minimizing nocebo effect: pragmatic approach.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Avicenna J Med.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>139-143.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
