<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3411</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos International Journal of Dental Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3411</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Odontología. Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-34112019000100053</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/ijds.v0i0.35510</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A Protocol to Perform Systemic Lipopolysacharide (LPS) Challenge in Rats]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Protocolo para realizar reto sistémico con lipopolisacárido (LPS) en ratas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karol]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quesada-Yamasaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fornaguera-Trías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>53</fpage>
<lpage>66</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-34112019000100053&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-34112019000100053&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-34112019000100053&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract 19. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. In animals, intraperitoneal administration of LPS, stimulates innate immunity and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. LPS provides an inflammatory stimulus that activates the neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems resulting in a set of responses termed sickness behavior. The purpose of this protocol is to describe step-by-step the preparation and procedure of application of intraperitoneal injection of LPS in rats, as a guide for those researchers that want to use this assay to mount an inflammatory response. LPS intraperitoneal challenge in rats has been widely used to evaluate antiinflammatory reagents and to address basic scientific questions.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen 23. El lipopolisacárido (LPS) es un componente de la membrana externa de las bacterias Gram negativas. En animales, la administración intraperitoneal de LPS estimula la inmunidad innata y la producción de citoquinas proinflamatorias. El LPS proporciona un estímulo inflamatorio que activa el sistema neuroinmunológico y el sistema neuroendocrino, lo que da como resultado un conjunto de respuestas denominadas conductas de enfermedad. El propósito de este protocolo es describir paso a paso la preparación y el procedimiento de aplicación de la inyección intraperitoneal de LPS en ratas, como una guía para aquellos investigadores que desean utilizar este método para estimular una respuesta inflamatoria en el animal. La estimulación con LPS en ratas, aplicada intraperitonealmente, se ha utilizado ampliamente para evaluar reactivos antiinflamatorios y para abordar preguntas básicas de investigación científica.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Lipopolysaccharide]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[LPS challenge]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[LPS stimulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Endotoxin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Inflammation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Lipopolisacárido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Reto con lipopolisacárido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estimulación con lipopolisacárido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Endotoxina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inflamación]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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