<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3403</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Economía y Sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Economía y Sociedad]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3403</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-34032020000100110</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15359/eys.25-57.6</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efectos de la inversión extranjera y competitividad en el comercio y productividad de países latinoamericanos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of foreign investment and competitiveness in trade and productivity of latin american countries]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Efeitos do investimento estrangeiro e da competitividade no comércio e na produtividade dos países da américa latina]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bárbara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Valenzuela-Klagges]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Darcy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fuenzalida-O&#8217;Shee]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,, Universidad Mayor Unidad de Postgrado en Negocio ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María Departamento de Ingeniería Comercial ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>57</numero>
<fpage>110</fpage>
<lpage>125</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-34032020000100110&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-34032020000100110&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-34032020000100110&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio es determinar el efecto de la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) y competitividad sobre el comercio bilateral de los países latinoamericanos (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, México y Perú) con sus principales destinos comerciales para el período 2006-2012 y, en una segunda etapa, cómo el comercio y la IED afectan en la productividad latinoamericana. Debido a que el flujo comercial de un país con el resto del mundo y su competitividad son variables endógenas, se aplicará un modelo gravitacional ampliado en dos etapas y estimado mediante datos de panel estáticos. La investigación permite concluir que, a mayor IED y logro competitivo global de un país latinoamericano, mayor será su comercio bilateral. Y, en una segunda etapa, se confirma que la apertura comercial influye directamente en la productividad de estos países que, unida a la IED, garantiza un aumento sostenido de su productividad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The objective of the study is to determine the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and competitiveness on bilateral trade of Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru) with their main commercial destinations for the 2006-2012 period. In the second stage, the article analyzes how trade and FDI affect Latin American productivity. Since the commercial flow of a country with the rest of the world and its competitiveness are endogenous variables, an extended gravitational model will be applied in two stages and estimated using static panel data. In conclusion, the greater FDI and global competitive achievement of a Latin American country, the greater its bilateral trade. In addition, in the second stage, it is confirmed that commercial opening directly influences the productivity of these countries which, together with FDI, guarantees a sustained increase in productivity.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO O estudo tem como objetivo determinar o efeito do Investimento Estrangeiro Direto (IED) e da competitividade no comércio bilateral de países da América Latina (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, Equador, México e Peru) com seus principais destinos comerciais no período de 2006 -2012 e, em uma segunda fase, como o comércio e o IED afetam a produtividade latino-americana. Como o fluxo comercial de um país com o resto do mundo e sua competitividade são variáveis endógenas, um modelo gravitacional expandido será aplicado em duas etapas e estimado por meio de dados em painel estáticos. A pesquisa permite concluir que, quanto maior forem o IED e a conquista competitiva global de um país latino-americano, maior será o comércio bilateral. E, em uma segunda fase, confirma-se que a abertura comercial influencia diretamente na produtividade desses países e, unida ao IED, garante um aumento sustentado por sua produtividade.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comercio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[competitividad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[IED]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Latinoamérica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelo gravitacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[productividad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[commerce]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[competitiveness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[FDI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gravitational model]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[productivity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[comércio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[competitividade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[IED]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[modelo gravitacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[produtividade]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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