<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3403</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Economía y Sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Economía y Sociedad]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3403</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-34032020000100042</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15359/eys.25-57.3</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Local industrial agglomerations vis-à-vis global competitive networks: marshallian notions of clusters, innovation and territorial development]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aglomeraciones industriales locales vis-à-vis redes competitivas globales: nociones marshallianas de zonas económicas, innovación y desarrollo territorial]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Aglomerações industriais locais vis-à-vis redes competitivas globais: noções marshallianas de áreas econômicas, inovação e desenvolvimento territorial]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ugalde Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,National University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>57</numero>
<fpage>42</fpage>
<lpage>62</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-34032020000100042&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-34032020000100042&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-34032020000100042&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Innovation is one of the key contributions that clusters can make in driving regional and territorial development. This exhaustive post-Marshallian literary review compares and contrasts the notion of innovation and explains its evolution within the context of recent theoretical approaches explaining modern industrial agglomerations and territorial development. Beginning in early 1990s and ending with the most recent intellectual contributions, this study analyzes innovation, particularly in relation to how it is employed in the cluster and how it could contribute to the development and competitiveness of clusters, territories and nations. Porter&#8217;s diamond model and its extended versions, which focus on demand and other market and factor determinants, are regarded as the intellectual catalysts for the notion of innovation in relation to clusters and territories. However, the study notes that the ambiguity and flexibility of these models led French post-Porterian writers to consider the role played by spatiality and relationality through networks, sectors and industries in sparking innovation as well as knowledge creation and diffusion. Additionally, political economy theoretical approaches, such as the helix innovation models and the Marxist-inspired semiotic analysis, have also stimulated the use of innovation as a factor of change, which spills over the influenced territories and nations. As innovation is incorporated into each of the models examined, its contribution becomes increasingly evident. The common denominator among all post-Marshallian theories is the crucial and shifting role that innovation plays as a catalyst for competitiveness and development at the cluster, territorial, national and, global levels.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Innovación es una contribución importante que las áreas industriales (clusters) hacen en relación al desarrollo territorial. Esta revisión literaria post-Marshalliana analiza la noción de innovación, y explica su evolución en el contexto de las teorías recientes, que abordan los clusters, y el desarrollo territorial. Desde 1990, y hasta las contribuciones teóricas más recientes, éste estudio analiza la innovación, particularmente en relación a los clusters, y cómo pueden contribuir al desarrollo y la competitividad de las de los territorios y los países. El modelo de Diamante de Porter y sus extensiones teóricas, enfocadas en demanda y determinantes de factores y de mercado, son catalizadores intelectuales de la noción de innovación en relación al desarrollo territorial. Sin embargo, éste estudio denota que su ambigüedad y su flexibilidad ha hecho que escritores franceses post-Porterianos consideren que espacialidad y relacionalidad a través de redes, sectores e industrias, son esenciales para generar innovación y la creación de conocimiento, y su respectiva difusión. Además, los enfoques de Economía Política, tales como los modelos de innovación de las hélices y el análisis semiótico inspirado en Marxismo, han estimulado el uso de innovación como un factor de cambio, el cual influencia los territorios y las naciones. Conforme la innovación se incorporar en los modelos estudiados, su contribución se hace cada vez más evidente. El común denominador entre todas las teorías post-Marshallianas es el papel cambiante y crucial que innovación juega como catalizador de competitividad y desarrollo en las zonas francas, y a nivel territorial, nacional y global.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo A inovação é uma das principais contribuições que os clusters podem fazer para impulsionar o desenvolvimento regional e territorial. Esta revisão literária pós-marshalliana exaustiva compara e contrasta a noção de inovação e explica sua evolução no contexto de abordagens teóricas recentes que explicam as aglomerações industriais modernas e o desenvolvimento territorial. Desde 1990, e até as contribuições teóricas mais recentes, este estudo analisa a inovação, principalmente em relação aos clusters, e como eles podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento e a competitividade daqueles em territórios e países. O modelo Diamond de Porter e suas extensões teóricas, focadas na demanda e determinantes de fatores e mercado, são catalisadores intelectuais da noção de inovação em relação ao desenvolvimento territorial. No entanto, este estudo denota que sua ambiguidade e flexibilidade levaram escritores franceses pós-Porterianos a considerar que espacialidade e relacionalidade através de redes, setores e indústrias são essenciais para gerar inovação e criação de conhecimento, e sua respectiva disseminação. Além disso, abordagens de economia política, como os modelos de inovação de hélices e a análise semiótica inspirada no marxismo, estimularam o uso da inovação como um fator de mudança, que influencia territórios e nações. À medida que a inovação é incorporada aos modelos estudados, sua contribuição se torna cada vez mais evidente. O denominador comum entre todas as teorias pós-marshallianas é o papel crucial e mutante que a inovação desempenha como catalisador da competitividade e do desenvolvimento nas zonas francas e nos níveis territorial, nacional e global.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Industrial areas; technological change; political economy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Áreas industriales; cambio tecnológico; economía política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Áreas industriais; mudança tecnológica; economia política]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becattini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Del &#8220;sector industrial&#8221; al &#8220;districte industrial&#8221;: algunes consideracions sobre la unitat de recerca de l&#8217; economía industrial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Económica de Catalunya]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>4-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becattini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Le district industriel, milieu créatif]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Espace et Sociétés]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>I</numero>
<issue>I</issue>
<page-range>147-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carayannis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alexander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Glocalized Knowledge Structures through Transnational Public-Private Research and Technology Development Partnerships: Conclusions and Recommendations for Policies and Practices]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Global and Local Knowledge]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carayannis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8216;Mode 3&#8217; and &#8216;Quadruple Helix&#8217;: toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Technology Management]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>3/4</volume>
<numero>46</numero>
<issue>46</issue>
<page-range>201-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carayannis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Quintuple Helix innovation model: global warming as a challenge and driver for innovation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carayannis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.F.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mode 3 knowledge production in Quadruple Helix innovation systems]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carayannis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grigoroudis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quadruple Innovation Helix and smart specialization: Knowledge production and national competitiveness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Foresight and STI Governance]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>31-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A dynamic approach to international competitiveness: the case of Korea]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Asia Pacific Business Review]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>17-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[From Adam Smith To Michael Porter: Evolution of Competitiveness Theory]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Scientific Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Competitive strategy to enhance national competitiveness]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<month>,</month>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Beijing, China ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[In Academy of International Business, Globalization and Competitiveness. Conference in Proceedings of the Academy of International Business 2006 Annual meeting]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Depret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamdouch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clusters, réseaux d&#8217;innovation et dynamiques de proximité dans les secteurs high-tec. Une revue critique de la littérature récente]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revue d&#8217;économie industrielle]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>128</volume>
<page-range>21-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dzisah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Etzkowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Age of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Universities, Knowledge and Society]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brill Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Etzkowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The triple helix: university-industry-government innovation in action]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Etzkowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[University-industry-government: The triple helix model of innovation]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giuliani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The selective nature of knowledge networks in clusters: evidence from the wine industry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economic Geography]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>139-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glaser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[United States Of America ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Aldine Transaction]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grandclément]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Articuler approche relationnelle et approche spatiale des réseaux: application au cas de pôles de compétitivité]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Géographie, économie et société]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>471-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huggins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Izushi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Competition, Competitive Advantage, and Cluster: The Idea of Michael Porter]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jessop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Critical semiotic analysis and cultural political economy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Critical Discourses Studies]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jessop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cultural Political Economy, the Knowledge-Based Economy, and the State]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Slater]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Technological Economy]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>144-65</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Markusen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interaction between regional and industrial policies: Evidence from four countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Regional Science Review]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>1-2</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
<page-range>49-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marshall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The pure theory of foreign trade: The pure theory of domestic values]]></source>
<year>1879</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard College Library]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rugman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verbeke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The generalized double diamond approach to international competitiveness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Research in Global Strategic Management]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>97-114</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lagendik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boekema]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A global circulation and territorial development: the case South-East Brabant]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Planning Studies]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>925-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leducq]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lusso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Le cluster innovant: Conceptualisation et application territoriale]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography, 521]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Competitive Advantage of Nations]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Competitive advantage, agglomeration economies, and regional policy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Regional Science Review]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>1-2</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
<page-range>85-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clusters and competition: New agendas of companies, governments and institutions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[M.E.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Porter]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[On Competition]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<page-range>213-26</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard Business School Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Locations, clusters and company strategy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feldman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gertler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<page-range>253-74</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[On Competition]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard Business School Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rullani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The industrial district (ID) as a cognitive system]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belussi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The technological evolution of Industrial Districts]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<page-range>63-87</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston, United States ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schumpeter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Instability of Capitalism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Economic Journal]]></source>
<year>1928</year>
<volume>151</volume>
<numero>38</numero>
<issue>38</issue>
<page-range>361-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simmie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Innovation and clustering in the globalised international economy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Urban Studies]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>5-6</volume>
<numero>41</numero>
<issue>41</issue>
<page-range>1095-112</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clusters: A mesmerizing mantra]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geogra&#64257;e]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>101</numero>
<issue>101</issue>
<page-range>276-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clusters et systèmes locaux d&#8217;innovation. Un retour critique sur les hypothèses naturalistes de la transmission des connaissances à l&#8217;aide des catégories de l&#8217;Économie de la proximité]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Régions et Développement]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>15-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yeung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rethinking relational economic geography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>30</numero>
<issue>30</issue>
<page-range>37-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
