<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3403</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Economía y Sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Economía y Sociedad]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3403</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-34032018000200029</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15359/eys.23-54.3</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Cambio tecnológico endógeno y tasa de interés en la dinámica de la globalización]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Endogenous technological change and interest rate in the dynamics of globalization]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Mudança tecnológica endógena e os juros na dinâmica da globalização]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Firmenich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Barcelona Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>54</numero>
<fpage>29</fpage>
<lpage>50</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-34032018000200029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-34032018000200029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-34032018000200029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El crecimiento económico global ha sido entendido en las últimas décadas desde la perspectiva neoclásica de la Nueva Teoría del Crecimiento, la cual tiene un soporte seminal en Romer (1990). En este trabajo, en primer lugar, se analiza el modelo de Romer (1990) y se demuestra que algunos supuestos neoclásicos generan inconsistencias matemáticas. En segundo lugar, para evitar los resultados autocontradictorios, se reemplaza los supuestos cuestionados por definiciones y conceptos teóricos no neoclásicos, lo cual implica construir un nuevo modelo transformado. Luego, se define algunos hechos estilizados de la globalización y se testea la capacidad explicativa del modelo transformado, al interpretar dichos hechos desde esta nueva perspectiva. La conclusión es que mejora la capacidad explicativa si el modelo teórico tiene las siguientes propiedades: a) no existe retorno endógeno al crecimiento equilibrado, b) no existe convergencia automática global en renta per cápita; c) el dinero y la tasa de interés, definidos en unidades monetarias fiduciarias, son gestionados políticamente; d) las preferencias temporales dependen de las expectativas sobre el futuro y e) la globalización financiera no es un mercado competitivo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Global economic growth has been understood in recent decades from the neoclassical perspective of the New Growth Theory, which has a seminal support in Romer (1990). In this paper, firstly, the Romer model (1990) is analyzed and it is proved that some neoclassical assumptions generate mathematical inconsistencies. Secondly, to avoid self-contradictory results, the questioned assumptions are replaced by non-neoclassical theoretical definitions and concepts, which implies constructing a new transformed model. In addition, some stylized facts of globalization are defined and the explanatory capacity of the transformed model is tested, by interpreting such facts with this new perspective. The conclusion is that the explanatory capacity improves if the theoretical model has the following properties: a) there is no endogenous return to balanced growth, b) there is no global automatic convergence in per capita income; c) money and interest rate, defined in fiduciary monetary units, are managed politically; d) temporary preferences depend on expectations about the future; and e) financial globalization is not a competitive market.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo O crescimento econômico global tem sido entendido nas últimas décadas a partir da perspectiva neoclássica da Nova Teoria do Crescimento, que tem um apoio seminal em Romer (1990). Neste trabalho, em primeiro lugar, analisa-se o modelo de Romer (1990) e mostra-se que alguns pressupostos neoclássicos geram inconsistências matemáticas. Em segundo lugar, para evitar resultados autocontraditórios, substituem-se as suposições questionadas por definições e conceitos teóricos não neoclássicos, o que implica a construção de um novo modelo transformado. Então, definem-se alguns fatos estilizados da globalização e testa-se a capacidade explicativa do modelo transformado, quando se interpreta os fatos a partir desta nova perspectiva. A conclusão é que há uma melhoria na capacidade explicativa se o modelo teórico tiver as seguintes propriedades: a) a inexistência de um retorno endógeno ao crescimento equilibrado; b) a inexistência da convergência automática global na renda per capita; c) o dinheiro e a taxa de juros, definidos em unidades monetárias fiduciárias, administrados politicamente; d) as preferências temporárias dependem das expectativas sobre o futuro e e) a globalização financeira não é um mercado competitivo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crecimiento endógeno]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[globalización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tasa de interés]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[producto marginal del capital]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[endogenous growth]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[globalization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[interest rate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[marginal product of capital]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[crescimento endógeno]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[globalização]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[taxa de juros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[produto marginal do capital]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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