<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-2563</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Geográfica de América Central]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Geog. Amer. Central]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-2563</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-25632023000100273</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15359/rgac.70-1.10</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estimación de la superficie afectada por inundaciones mediante polarimetría con imágenes radar de apertura sintética (SAR) Sentinel 1A en la cuenca hidrográfica del río Frío (Costa Rica)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Estimation of flooded areas on Frío river basin (Costa Rica) using polarimetry with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) of Sentinel 1A imagery]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Estimativa da área afetada por inundações através de polarimetria com imagens Sentinel 1A Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) na bacia do rio Frío (Costa Rica)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Barbáchano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rubén]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Geografía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>70</numero>
<fpage>273</fpage>
<lpage>296</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-25632023000100273&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-25632023000100273&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-25632023000100273&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La polarimetría con radar de apertura sintética (SAR) es una técnica conocida en teledetección por sus aplicaciones en el monitoreo de cambios sobre la superficie terrestre y en cuerpos de agua. El objetivo de la polarimetría radar es caracterizar la superficie terrestre analizando las propiedades de la señal que se dispersa cuando se utilizan diferentes combinaciones de polarización de las antenas transmisoras y receptoras, definidas como canales polarimétricos. La utilización de la polarización cruzada (vertical/horizontal) se mostró eficiente para estimar la extensión de las inundaciones producidas entre el 22 y el 25 de julio de 2021 en la cuenca del río Frío (Costa Rica). Para ello se utilizaron imágenes captadas por el sensor Sentinel 1A, de la Agencia Espacial Europea, mediante un flujo de procesamiento y una composición RGB posterior que permitió establecer una clara distinción entre las zonas inundadas de los cuerpos de agua permanentes. La utilización de imágenes ópticas para el mapeo de inundaciones está limitada por las condiciones climáticas, especialmente por la presencia de nubes. Las mediciones con SAR son independientes de la hora del día y de las condiciones climáticas, proporcionando valiosa información para el monitoreo de inundaciones (Horritt, 2006, p 187). Además, la extensión de las inundaciones es un factor crítico para la calibración y validación de modelos hidráulicos. La extensión de las inundaciones puede usarse también para evaluación y gestión del riesgo, y pueden beneficiarse de ello rescatistas durante las inundaciones (Corbley, 1999, p 1).]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) polarimetry is a remote sensing technique known for being applied to monitoring of land surface and water bodies. Polarimetry aims at charactering the land surface through the analysis of its response under different combinations of transmitting and receiving antennas polarization, called polarimetric channels. The use of cross-polarization (vertical/horizontal) proved to be efficient for estimating the extent of the floods between July 22nd and July 30th in the Frío river basin (Costa Rica). To that end, Sentinel-1 images from the European Space Agency have been used, with a workflow process and RGB composition that allowed to draw a clear distinction between flooded and permanent water bodies. The use of optical imagery for flood mapping is limited by weather conditions, specially by the presence of clouds. SAR measurements are independent of daytime and weather conditions, providing valuable information for monitoring flood events. Furthermore, flood extent is a critical factor for the calibration and validation of hydraulic models (Horritt, 2006). Flood extent can be also used for damage assessment and risk management and can be of benefit to rescuers during flooding (Corbley, 1999).]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo A polarimetria por radar de abertura sintética (SAR) é uma técnica conhecida em sensoriamento remoto por suas aplicações no monitoramento de mudanças na superfície terrestre e em corpos d'água. O objetivo da polarimetria de radar é caracterizar a superfície terrestre analisando as propriedades do sinal que é espalhado quando são utilizadas diferentes combinações de polarização das antenas transmissoras e receptoras, definidas como canais polarimétricos. O uso da polarização cruzada (vertical/horizontal) mostrou-se eficiente para estimar a extensão das inundações produzidas entre 22 e 25 de julho de 2021 na bacia do rio Frío (Costa Rica). Para isso, foram utilizadas imagens captadas pelo sensor Sentinel 1A da Agência Espacial Europeia, através de um fluxo de processamento e posterior composição RGB que permitiu distinguir claramente as áreas inundadas dos corpos d'água permanentes. O uso de imagens ópticas para mapeamento de inundações é limitado pelas condições climáticas, especialmente pela presença de nuvens. As medições de SAR são independentes da hora do dia e das condições meteorológicas, fornecendo informações valiosas para o monitoramento de enchentes (Horritt, 2006, p.187). Além disso, a extensão da inundação é um fator crítico para a calibração e validação de modelos hidráulicos. A extensão das inundações também pode ser usada para avaliação e gestão de risco e pode beneficiar os socorristas durante as inundações (Corbley, 1999, p. 1).]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Teledetección]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[radar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[SAR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[polarimetría]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inundaciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Remote sensing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[radar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SAR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[polarimetry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[flooding]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Inundações]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Polarimetria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Radar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[SAR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Sensoriamento remoto.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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