<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-2563</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Geográfica de América Central]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Geog. Amer. Central]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-2563</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-25632022000100329</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15359/rgac.68-1.12</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Pasivo ambiental minero: una fuente potencial de contaminación por metales para los ecosistemas de agua dulce en Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Mining environmental liabilities: a potential source of metal contamination for freshwater ecosystems in Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas Conejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Johanna]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Picado Pavón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez Serrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Gestel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cornelis A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Golcher Benavides]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durán Sanabria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Centro de Recursos Hídricos para Centroamérica y el Caribe (HIDROCEC-UNA). ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Centro de Recursos Hídricos para Centroamérica y el Caribe (HIDROCEC-UNA). ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Centro de Recursos Hídricos para Centroamérica y el Caribe (HIDROCEC-UNA) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua Centro para la Investigación en Recursos Acuáticos de Nicaragua(CIRA/UNAN-Managua) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Nicaragua</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Vrije Universiteit Faculty of Science Department of Ecological Science]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Amsterdam ]]></addr-line>
<country>The Netherlands</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Independent Consultor  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>68</numero>
<fpage>329</fpage>
<lpage>352</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-25632022000100329&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-25632022000100329&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-25632022000100329&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La minería de metales en Costa Rica, y el uso de sustancias tóxicas en esta actividad, ocasionalmente ha resultado en el abandono negligente de estructuras de desechos que contienen cantidades significativas de metales tóxicos. Estas estructuras que han quedado expuestas a la oxidación y a la meteorización resultan en la liberación ambiental de metales, lo cual propicia la afectación en la calidad natural de los cuerpos de agua superficiales circundantes. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar que los pasivos mineros abandonados en el Líbano de Tilarán, Guanacaste, son una fuente potencial de contaminación por metales para las aguas, sedimentos y macroinvertebrados bentónicos de los ríos San José y Cañas. Las posibles consecuencias para el medio ambiente asociadas con la presencia de desechos mineros se evaluaron cuantitativa y cualitativamente a través de las cantidades de metales presentes en los desechos y lixiviados. Se realizaron pruebas de infiltración y una prueba cinética de celda húmeda permitió describir los procesos y las reacciones químicas que pueden ocurrir en los desechos mineros durante la lluvia, asociados con la carga de metales en el lixiviado. La presencia de pirita (FeS2) favorece la acidificación del medio y la liberación de metales, se destaca mediante pruebas de difracción de rayos X en muestras de los materiales de desecho. Los resultados muestran un alto contenido de metales (37.8 toneladas de plomo, 20.2 toneladas de arsénico y 0.4 toneladas de cadmio) del total de ~ 106 toneladas en pasivos mineros, la solubilización de estos y otros metales en un medio ácido oxidante (pH: 4.16, CE: 3620 µs / cm y ORP: 275 mV) durante la transición de la estación seca y lluviosa y una carga importante de metales (277 kg / mes de zinc, 234 kg / mes de magnesio, 165 kg / mes de aluminio, 96.1 kg / mes de hierro, 2.68 kg / mes de cadmio, 0.90 kg / mes de arsénico y 0.22 kg / mes de plomo) en lixiviados que llegan al río San José en septiembre. Esta investigación mostró que los pasivos mineros abandonados en el Líbano son una fuente potencial de contaminación por metales para los ecosistemas de agua dulce circundantes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Metal mining in Costa Rica, and use of toxic substances in this activity, has occasionally resulted in the negligent abandonment of waste structures containing significant amounts of toxic metals. These structures have been exposed to oxidation and weathering, resulting in the environmental release of metals, thus affecting the quality of the surrounding freshwater ecosystems. The objective of the investigation was to determine to what extent the abandoned mining liabilities in Líbano de Tilarán, Guanacaste, are a potential source of metal contamination for the waters, sediments and benthic macroinvertebrates of the San José and Cañas Rivers. The possible consequences for the environment associated with the presence of mining wastes were quantitatively and qualitatively assessed through the amounts of metals present in the wastes and leachate. Infiltration tests were carried out and a wet cell kinetic test allowed describing the processes and chemical reactions that are likely to occur in mining wastes during rain, associated with the loading of metals in leachate. The presence of pyrite (FeS2), which favors the acidification of the medium and the release of metals, was shown by X-ray diffraction tests on samples of the waste materials. The results show a high content of metals (37.8 tons of lead, 20.2 tons of arsenic and 0.4 tons of cadmium) from the total of ~106 tons in mining liabilities, the solubilization of these and other metals in an oxidizing acid medium (pH: 4.16, EC: 3620 µs / cm and ORP: 275 mV) during the dry-rainy season transition and an important load of metals (277 kg / month of zinc, 234 kg / month of magnesium, 165 kg / month of aluminum, 96.1 kg / month of iron, 2.68 kg / month of cadmium, 0.90 kg / month of arsenic and 0.22 kg / month of lead) in leachates arriving to the San José River in September. This investigation showed that the abandoned mining liabilities in Líbano are a potential source of metal contamination for the surrounding freshwater ecosystems.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[handling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[leachate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[metal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mining]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[liabilities]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lixiviado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[manejo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[metal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[minería]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pasivo]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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