<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-2563</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Geográfica de América Central]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Geog. Amer. Central]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-2563</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-25632019000100108</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15359/rgac.62-1.5</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Nubes de ceniza, campos de arena. Actividad volcánica en Costa Rica y su impacto en el sector agropecuario, 1950-2017]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ash Clouds, Fields of Sand. Volcanic Activity in Costa Rica and Its Impact on the Agriculture Sector, 1950-2017]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coto-Cedeño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wainer Ignacio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional (UNA) Escuela de Historia y del Observatorio de Historia Agroecológica y Ambiental (OHAA) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>62</numero>
<fpage>108</fpage>
<lpage>137</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-25632019000100108&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-25632019000100108&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-25632019000100108&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo explica, desde una perspectiva histórica, la actividad eruptiva de los volcanes en Costa Rica y su impacto en la agricultura y la ganadería durante el período 1950-2017. Específicamente, la investigación analiza cómo las &#8220;lluvias de ceniza&#8221; y gases expulsados por los macizos afectaron el sector ganadero y los cultivos de algodón, maíz, arroz, papa y café, entre otros. El estudio se apoya en documentación bibliográfica y fuentes primarias disponibles en la Biblioteca Nacional, Comisión Nacional de Emergencias (CNE), Archivo Nacional de Costa Rica (ANCR), Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG), Red Sismológica Nacional (RSN) y Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica (OVSICORI).]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article explains, from a historical perspective, the eruptive activity of the volcanoes in Costa Rica and its impact on agriculture and livestock during the period 1950-2017. Specifically, the research analyzes how the "showers of ash" and gases expelled by the massifs affected the livestock sector and the crops of cotton, maize, rice, potatoes, and coffee, among others. The study is based on bibliographic documentation and primary sources available at the National Library, the National Emergency Commission (CNE), the National Archives of Costa Rica (ANCR), the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG), the National Seismological Network (RSN), and the Costa Rican Volcanological and Seismological Observatory (OVSICORI).]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Volcanes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historia ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[productores agropecuarios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Costa Rica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Volcanoes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Environmental History]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Agricultural Producers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Costa Rica]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Notas cronológicas de la actividad del Poás.]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Heredia, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pérdidas humanas y económicas causadas por el vulcanismo en Costa Rica entre 1953 y 2005.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Geológica de América Central]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>93-128</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ágústsdóttir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecosystem approach natu ral hazard mitigation of volcanic tephra in Iceland: building resilience and sustainability.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Natural Hazards]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1669-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los volcanes de Costa Rica.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[EUNED]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La geomorgología de la colada de cervantes, volcán Irazú (Costa Rica): descripción de una de los campos de lava más grandes de América Central.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Geológica de América Central]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>99-118</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El riesgo derivado de la amenaza volcánica en Costa Rica.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CNE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barquero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El volcán Irazú y su actividad]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Heredia, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barquero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los principales volcanes activos de Costa Rica.]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Red Sismológica Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergoeing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Costa Rica: una historia volcánica.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Bubok Editorial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Besoaín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepúlveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sadzawka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La erupción del volcán Lonquimay y sus efectos en la agricultura]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agricultura Técnica]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>354-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Besoaín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruíz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hepp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La erupción del volcán Hudson, XI región, y sus consecuencias para la agricultura]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agricultura Técnica]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>3-4</numero>
<issue>3-4</issue>
<page-range>204-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buteler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stadler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lassa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trombotto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D&#8217;Adamo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Propiedades insecticidas de la ceniza del complejo volcánico Puyehue-Cordón Caulle y su posible impacto ambiental.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>34</numero>
<issue>34</issue>
<page-range>149-156.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papendick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact on agricultura of the Mount St. Helens eruptions.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science, New Series]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>211</volume>
<numero>4477</numero>
<issue>4477</issue>
<page-range>16-22.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elizalde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Volcanism and arthropods: a review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecología Austral]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>3-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feldman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mountains of fire, lands that shake: earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, in the historic past of Central America (1505- 1899).]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[California ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Labyrinthos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gardner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dekens]]></surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mountains hazards and the resilience of socio-ecological systems: lessons learned in India and Canada.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Natural Hazards]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>317-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerrard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A risk Society? Environmental hazards, risk and resilience in the later Middle Ages in Europe.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Natural Hazards]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1051-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González de Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La Historia Ambiental y el fin de la &#8220;utopía metafísica&#8221; de la modernidad.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aula-Historia Social]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>18-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González de Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Agroecología e Historia Agraria. Una hibridación necesaria.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio Rurales]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hilje]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saunders]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Manejo integrado de plagas en Mesoamérica: aportes conceptuales]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cartago, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Tecnológica de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Resilience and stability of ecological systems.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>18-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Understanding the complexity of Economic, ecological, and social systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecosystems]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>390-405</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCaldin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Observations on air pollution aspects of Irazú Volcano, Costa Rica.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Public Health Reports]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>927</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>ITCO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Programa de colonización para damnificados por la actividad volcánica del Irazú.]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[an José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ITCO.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>MAG</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Memoria del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería.]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MAG.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>MAG</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Memoria del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería.]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MAG.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>MAG</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Memoria del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería.]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MAG.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>MAG</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Memoria del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MAG.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>MAG</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe de Rendición de Cuentas]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MAG.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ashes in the air: the effects of volcanic ash emissions on plant-pollinator relationships and possible consequences for apiculture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Apidologie]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>268-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masciocchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lantschner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Of volcanoes and insects: the impact of the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle ash fall on populations of invasive social wasps, Vespula spp.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecological Research]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>199-205</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bertsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contenido total y disponibilidad de nutrimento en dos muestras de cenizas expulsadas en enero del 2010 por el volcán Turrialba, Costa Rica.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agronomía Costarricense]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>97-104</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meritano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Manejo integral de cuencas hidrológicas y la prevención de los desastres naturales.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México, Puebla ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La actividad de los volcanes de la Cordillera Central, Costa Rica, entre 1998-2002]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Geológica de América Central]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>189-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Müller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burkhard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kroll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Resilience, integrity and ecosystems dynamics: bridging ecosystems theory and management&#8221;. Landform-structure, evolution, process control.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>221-42</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berlín ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer,]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnsoton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Community resilience to volcanic hazard consequences.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Natural Hazards]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>157-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pirk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Did ash fall Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic complex affect ant abundance and richness in the Patagonian steppe?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecología Austral]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>23-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruíz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efecto residual de la ceniza volcánica en la calidad fotosintética del cafeto.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Café]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>6-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scarpati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perrota]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferdinando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of explosive volcanic eruptions around Vesuvius: a story of resilience in Roman time.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of Volcanology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>21</numero>
<issue>21</issue>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sherrod]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vallance]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tapia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGeehin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Volcán Barú. Eruptive history and volcano hazards assessment]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Virginia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[USGS]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[De qué hablamos cuando hablamos de sustentabilidad? Una propuesta ecológico política]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Interdisciplina]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Environmental History]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Scottish Historical Review,]]></source>
<year>200</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>285-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wille]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efecto de la ceniza del volcán Irazú (Costa Rica) en algunos insectos.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>165-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ANCR</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Fondo Bancos. 3991]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ANCR</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Fondo Bancos. 4495. Emergencia Volcán Irazú, 1963-1965]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ANCR</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Reglamento para préstamos a damnificados con las cenizas del volcán Irazú]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ANCR</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Fondo Bancos. 4732. Expediente sobre el volcán Arenal]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ANCR</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Fondo José Fidel Tristán Fernández. 000001. Narración de la erupción del volcán Irazú realizada por Diego de la Haya Fernández, Gobernador de la Provincia de Costa Rica]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ANCR</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Proyecto de Ley para expropiación de terrenos dañados a causa de las erupciones del volcán Arenal para declararlas Reserva Nacional]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ANCR</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Alimentos para familias de agricultores afectadas por las erupciones del volcán Arenal.]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ANCR</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Fondo Ministerio de Gobernación. 002576. Programa desocupados erupciones del Irazú.]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ANCR</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Fondo Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 8875. Problemática de plagas en el cultivo de algodón]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Archivo Central del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (ACMAG).</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Compilación de Leyes y Decretos del Sector Agropecuario de Costa Rica, 1949-1984: Decreto No. 44 del 28 de julio de 1965]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barquero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Erupción del Turrialba afecta ganado lechero.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Nación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barquero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[850 millones de colones perdió el sector agropecuario por ceniza del Turrialba.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Nación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barquero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[850 millones de colones perdió el sector agropecuario por ceniza del Turrialba]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Nación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Lluvia ácida desplaza a agricultores]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<page-range>4A</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La República]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El volcán Turrialba me cambió la vida: me hizo echado.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Nación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ceniza del Turrialba podría seguir cayendo en San José por años.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Nación.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[BID aporta $ 600 000 para la emergencia del volcán Arenal]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<page-range>32-3</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Nación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[14 500 manzanas de café afectan plagas.]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
<page-range>1 y 6</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Prensa Libre]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[La sequía es el principal factor que afecta a los cultivos de Guanacaste.]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Nación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Autorizada venta de 3600 cabezas de la Cámara de Ganaderos de Abangares.]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Nación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Declarados zona de desastre cuatro cantones alajuelenses.]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La República]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[El Irazú y el MAG]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Diario de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Destruidas más de cinco mil manzanas]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Nación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[MAG sí está prestando ayuda a los agricultores.]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Diario de Costa Rica.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Ninguna ayuda del MAG para los agricultores del Irazú]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<page-range>4</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Diario de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hasta la comida sabe a ceniza en las fincas de San Gerardo.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Nación.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vizcaíno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aseguran que Poás no causó pérdidas]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<page-range>16A</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Nación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berrocal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Freddy.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ganadero, Coopevega de San Carlos,]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas Barquero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alberto.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ingeniero agrónomo]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Uruca, San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Víquez Granados]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Productor de papas]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Tierra Blanca de Cartago, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
