<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-2504</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Kurú]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-2504</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-25042025000100042</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18845/rfmk.v22i50.7763</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La dirección importa: el inesperado papel del azimut en la distribución espacial de la regeneración de Abies hickelii (Flous &amp; Gaussen)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Direction matters: the unexpected role of azimuth in the spatial distribution of regeneration of Abies hickelii (Flous &amp; Gaussen)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iván]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antúnez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alanís-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aquino-Vásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ciro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Maestría en conservación de los recursos forestales Maestría en conservación de los recursos forestales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ixtlán de Juárez Oaxaca]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de la Sierra Juárez Instituto de Estudios Ambientales División de Estudios de Posgrado]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Avenida Universidad S/N Ixtlán de Juárez]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Facultad de Ciencias Forestales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Linares Nuevo León]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>50</numero>
<fpage>42</fpage>
<lpage>51</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-25042025000100042&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-25042025000100042&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-25042025000100042&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Comprender la distribución espacial de los individuos en las primeras etapas de su crecimiento es clave para conocer los procesos que moldean la dinámica, estructura y tamaño de las poblaciones. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo principal responder a la pregunta de si la abundancia de la regeneración natural de Abies hickelii (Flous &amp; Gaussen) está asociada a una dirección específica, medida en relación con el norte magnético, asumiendo que el árbol madre se encuentra en el centro de mayor densidad de semillas. La hipótesis de igualdad de proporciones en los cuadrantes (norte, sur, este y oeste) respecto a los árboles de referencia se verificó mediante el contraste de intervalos de confianza (1-95%). Así mismo, se evaluaron algunos atributos topográficos mediante la función de Weibull. Entre los resultados se destaca que, independientemente de la altitud, la pendiente o la orientación de la ladera, la regeneración natural no se distribuye de manera uniforme alrededor de los árboles de referencia. Por otro lado, al considerar la exposición de la ladera, se observó una concentración más significativa de la regeneración en terrenos expuestos al noreste (69%), mientras que el 31% restante se distribuyó en terrenos orientados al norte, este y sur. Estos patrones resaltan las singularidades de las especies amenazadas, cuya relevancia se acentúa en el contexto del cambio climático, que impacta las dinámicas de regeneración natural. Asimismo, identificar áreas con exposiciones favorables, como los orientados al noreste, puede guiar proyectos de reforestación y manejo de áreas protegidas para maximizar la supervivencia y el crecimiento de nuevos individuos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Understanding how individuals are spatially distributed in the early stages of their growth is crucial for comprehending the processes that shape the dynamics, structure, and size of populations, especially for those classified as at risk of conservation concern. The main objective of this study was to answer the question of whether the abundance of the natural regeneration of Abies hickelii (Flous &amp; Gaussen) is associated with a specific direction, measured in relation to magnetic north, assuming that the mother tree is located in the center of high seed density. The hypothesis of equal proportions in the quadrants (north, south, east, and west) with respect to the reference trees was verified using 95% confidence intervals. Certain topographic attributes were analyzed using the Weibull function. Among the results, it was found that, regardless of altitude, slope, or slope orientation, natural regeneration is not uniformly distributed around the reference trees. On the other hand, when considering slope exposure, a significantly higher concentration of regeneration was observed on land exposed to the northeast (69%), while the remaining 31% was distributed across land oriented to the north, east, and south. These patterns emphasize the distinctive characteristics of threatened species, whose relevance is accentuated in the context of climate change, which influences the dynamics of natural regeneration. Furthermore, identifying areas with favorable exposures, such as those oriented to the northeast, can guide reforestation and protected area management projects to maximize the survival and growth of new individuals.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dinámica de la regeneración]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[efecto de la topografía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[especie en peligro de extinción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[oyamel]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelo de Weibull]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[regeneration dynamics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[effect of topography]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[endangered species]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[oyamel]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Weibull model]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
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