<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-2504</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Kurú]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-2504</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-25042018000300037</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18845/rfmk.v15i1.3709</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación financiera de generación eléctrica de 2 MW a partir de biomasa forestal en Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Financial evaluation of 2 MW electricity generation from forest biomass in Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jerson]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roldán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dagoberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valverde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camacho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,San José  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Tecnológico de Costa Rica Escuela de Química ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cartago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Tecnológico de Costa Rica Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cartago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,CONARE Programa de Regionalización Interuniversitaria ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cartago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<fpage>37</fpage>
<lpage>44</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-25042018000300037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-25042018000300037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-25042018000300037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La implementación de biomasa como fuente energética en Costa Rica se ha impulsado en la última década debido al aumento de los combustibles fósiles y variaciones climáticas que han disminuido la generación energía hidroeléctrica, incidiendo en el aumento del costo del kilowatt hora en el mercado; por lo cual este estudio analizó la viabilidad financiera de generación de 2 MW a partir de biomasa arborea. El estudio evaluó el mejor sistema de generación eléctrica con biomasa (combustión directa y gasificación), la fuente de abastecimiento de biomasa óptima (autogeneración, compra en el mercado o mixto) y la factibilidad financiera de la energía producida en dos escenarios (venta electricidad al ICE y autoconsumo). Encontrando que la implementación de gasificadores de tipo vertical (&#8220;downdraft&#8221;) mostraron mayor viabilidad debido a su alta eficiencia, poca generación de residuos y menor consumo de biomasa en el tiempo; por otra parte se determinó que la mejor fuente de abastecimiento de biomasa es con la compra en el mercado nacional (40 USD/ton seca) debido su bajo costo actual de adquisición, sin embargo sería recomendable en el largo plazo disponer un sistema mixto (autoabastecimiento y compra en el mercado) para disponer menor dependencia a los cambios de precios en el mercado. Finalmente, los análisis financieros mostraron viabilidad de generación para autoconsumo (VAN de 5 %; TIR de 17,68 % y RB/C de 1,82), en cambio para venta de energía al ICE no se encontró viabilidad (VAN de -2,0 %; TIR de -21,15 % y R B/C de 1,07) debido al bajo valor de compra energética de esta entidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The implementation of biomass as an energy source in Costa Rica has been promoted in the last decade due to the increase of fossil fuels and climatic variations that have decreased hydropower energy production, increasing the kilowatt cost per hour in the market. Therefore, this study analyzes the financial viability of 2 MW generation from forest biomass. The study evaluated the best electric generation system with biomass (direct combustion and gasification), the source of optimal biomass supply (self-generation, market or mixed purchase) and the financial feasibility of energy produced in two scenarios (selling electricity to ICE and self-consumption). The implementation of vertical type gasifiers (downdraft) showed greater viability due to its high efficiency, low waste generation and less biomass consumption over time; on the other hand, it was determined that the best source for biomass supply is purchasing in the domestic market (40 USD/ton dry biomass) due to its current low cost of acquisition; however it would be advisable in the long-term to have a mixed system (self-supply and market purchase) to have less dependence on the market price changes. Finally, financial analysis showed viability for consumption generation (ranging from 5 %, TIR of 17.68 % and RB/C of 1.82), whereas energy production with the intent of selling it to ICE was not found viable (VAN of -2.0 %, TIR of -21.15% and R B/C of 1.07) due to the low energy purchase value of this entity.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Energía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biomasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[factibilidad financiera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[VAN]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[TIR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[downdraft]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Energy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biomass]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[financial feasibility]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[VAN]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[TIR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[downdraft]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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