<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-2466</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Rupturas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Rup.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-2466</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-24662022000100048</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22458/rr.v12i1.3990</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aproximaciones al populismo en Daniel Ortega, Rafael Correa y Nayib Bukele]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Approaches to Populism in Daniel Ortega, Rafael Correa and Nayib Bukele]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ulloa Tapia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora Solano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sindy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Instituto de Estudios Sociales en Población (IDESPO) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Las Américas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales (IIS) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>48</fpage>
<lpage>79</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-24662022000100048&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-24662022000100048&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-24662022000100048&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las discusiones acerca del populismo evidencian que no es un fenómeno de la política que se origina en un país concreto ni tampoco que las democracias más consolidadas estén exentas de su presencia, pese a que lo consideran como un invitado incómodo. Los ejercicios de comparación entre países, casos y periodos distintos dan cuenta de que se pueden establecer elementos comunes en el sistema político, a manera de causas, las cuales explicarían la emergencia de líderes, partidos y expresiones del populismo. En este artículo, se contrastan los presidentes Daniel Ortega de Nicaragua, Nayib Bukele de El Salvador y el exmandatario Rafael Correa de Ecuador con la finalidad de explicar el contexto de su aparición en el sistema político de sus países.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Discussions about populism make it clear that it is not a political phenomenon arising in one country, and that the more well-established democracies are not exempt from its occurrence, despite considering at an inconvenient guest. Comparisons between diverse countries, cases, and periods show that common causal elements can be pinpointed in political systems that may explain the emergence of populist leaders, parties, and manifestations. This article contrasts presidents Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua, Nayib Bukele of El Salvador, and former president Rafael Correa of Ecuador to clarify the context of their appearance in their countries&#8217; political system.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Centroamérica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ecuador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[populismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[democracia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistema político]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Central America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ecuador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[populism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[democracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[political system]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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