<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-2466</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Rupturas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Rup.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-2466</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-24662017000100089</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Rodrigo Carazo Odio: sus reflexiones sobre política, estado y empresa pública]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Rodrigo Carazo Odio: His Ideas about Politics, State and Public Companies]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Arrieta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Centro de Investigación y Estudios Políticos (CIEP) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>89</fpage>
<lpage>123</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-24662017000100089&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-24662017000100089&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-24662017000100089&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Este artículo pretende resaltar las principales ideas del expresidente de la República de Costa Rica, Rodrigo Carazo, acerca de la política, el Estado y la empresa pública. A partir de un estudio e interpretación de su obra, se espera caracterizar estos conceptos de su óptica y con ello aportar elementos que expliquen sus decisiones. Rodrigo Carazo vio en la política un medio en función de la sociedad que, al igual que el Estado, debía ser garante de una distribución justa de los recursos mientras que la empresa pública es crucial en el desarrollo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This article aims to highlight the main ideas of Rodrigo Carazo, former President of the Republic of Costa Rica, concerning politics, the State and public companies. Through the study and interpretation of his work, the article sets out to characterize these concepts from Carazo&#8217;s perspective, and thus provide elements to understand some of his decisions. Rodrigo Carazo saw politics as a means to benefit society, which, like the State, must guarantee the fair distribution of resources, while public companies are crucial for development.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[empresa pública]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pensamiento político]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Rodrigo Carazo.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[State]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[public company]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[political thought]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Rodrigo Carazo.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abarca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rodrigo Carazo y la utopía de la dignidad 1970-1983]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Heredia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[EUNA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Asamblea Legislativa</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Acta de la sesión ordinaria No. 12 de la Comisión Mixta que estudia los problemas sobre la deuda pública sus causas y consecuencias. Expediente 14112]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benavides]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nuestro Pensamiento Político]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bodenheimer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Susanne]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La ideología socialdemócrata en Costa Rica]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[EDUCA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Administración de vivienda]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo Editorial Común]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mensaje de toma de posesión]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Carazo Tiempo y Marcha]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[EUNED]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Privatizar lo que sí produce]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[La República]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<page-range>19a</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El TLC debe ser conocido]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[La República]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<page-range>23a</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vender por vender]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[La República]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<page-range>17a</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los PAE]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[La República]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<page-range>11a</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[«¿Privatizar el ICE?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Semana]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<page-range>5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Palabras de Rodrigo Carazo en la entrega del premio Rodrigo Facio Brenes]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Desarrollo&#8230; Fin de siglo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[La Prensa Libre]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<page-range>11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Tercera Vía ¿es posible en nuestra América?]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cartago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[LUR]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fundamentalismo globalizador]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[La Nación]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<page-range>16a</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Palabras de Rodrigo Carazo sobre el resultado del Referendum del 7 de octubre de 2007]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ver TLC: Ricos poderosos y pobres débiles]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rodrigo Carazo: con la dignidad en las venas]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cartago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones El Castillo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La reinvención del Estado. Empresas públicas y desarrollo en Uruguay, América Latina y el mundo]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Montevideo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[TNI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Coalición Unidad</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Bases del programa de gobierno]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Imprenta LIL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Comisión de Enlace</collab>
<source><![CDATA[¿Quiénes somos]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El Estado, empresas públicas y desarrollo en Costa Rica: Una mirada de larga duración (1850-2013)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La reinvención del Estado. Empresas públicas y desarrollo en Uruguay, América Latina y el mundo]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>117-31</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Montevideo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[TNI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis sociológico de la política]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fontanella]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grosfoguel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ramón]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cambios conceptuales desde la perspectiva de sistema-mundo. Del cepalismo al neoliberalismo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nueva Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>183</volume>
<page-range>151-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hidalgo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Costa Rica en evolución]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huertas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El neoliberalismo y la conformación del Estado subsidiario]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Política y cultura]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>121-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mauro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cipriano]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis de la política pública en el desarrollo de la industria naval paraestatal]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INAP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Álvaro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El desarrollo imposible: Algunas reflexiones sobre el Ajuste Estructural]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Paulino]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Crisis económica y Ajuste Estructural]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<page-range>173-258</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[EUNED]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arnoldo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historia del pensamiento costarricense]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[EUNED]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raventós]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ciska]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blance del referendo sobre el TLC en Costa Rica a la luz de la teoría de la democracia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>13-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eugenio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fondo Monetario Internacional y Costa Rica 1978- 1982]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Pedro ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[DEI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eugenio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Voces del 43]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Informe final de investigación: El Estado y la Empresa pública en el pensamiento de Rodrigo Carazo Odio]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escuela de Ciencias Políticas - CIEP. UCR]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rovira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Costa Rica en los años &#8217;80]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Porvenir]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rovira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estado y política económica en Costa Rica 1948-1970]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estado de Bienestar, crisis económica y ajuste estructural en Costa Rica]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[EUNED]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>[ Sin pelos en la lengua No al TLC ]</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Lanzamiento campaña No TLC 23/6/07 Parte 4]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas Solís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Paulino]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Crisis económica y Ajuste Estructural]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[EUNED]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Max]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El político y el científico]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza Editorial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
