<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-4940</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos Inter.c.a.mbio sobre Centroamérica y el Caribe]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Inter.c.a.mbio]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-4940</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Investigación en Identidad y Cultura Latinoamericanas (CIICLA) de la Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-49402023000200004</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/ca.v20i2.56252</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[A la sombra de los mangos. Frontera(s), raza y nación en República Dominicana]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In the Shade of the Mango Trees. Border(s), Race and Nation in the Dominican Republic]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[À sombra das mangueiras. Fronteira(s), raça e nação na República Dominicana]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourgeois]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Catherine]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Investigadora independiente  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-49402023000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-49402023000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-49402023000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este trabajo ofrece un análisis crítico de las aplicaciones de las nociones de fronteras, raza y nación en la República Dominicana. Se centra en un estudio socio-antropológico, con un enfoque tanto histórico como contemporáneo, realizado en la zona fronteriza dominico-haitiana norte entre 2007 y 2021. A través de la revisión de la literatura especializada, de los archivos parroquiales en la región fronteriza, testimonios y entrevistas con habitantes de la frontera, este trabajo describe y analiza el proceso de construcción de la nación dominicana en la frontera y su relación con Haití. Analiza también el discurso nacionalista antihaitiano y sus efectos tanto históricos como actuales en las políticas migratorias dominicanas, así como sus efectos en la vida de miles de personas migrantes y también dominicanas de ascendencia haitiana.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This work offers a critical analysis of the applications of the notions of borders, race and nation in the Dominican Republic. It is based on a socio-anthropological study, with a historical and contemporary approach, carried out in the northern zone of the Haitian-Dominican border between 2007 and 2021. This article describes and analyzes the process of construction of the Dominican nation on the border and its relationship with Haiti. It also analyzes the anti-Haitian nationalist discourse and its historical and current effects on Dominican immigration policies, as well as its effects on the lives of thousands of migrants, and Dominicans of Haitian descent.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Este trabalho oferece uma análise crítica das aplicações das noções de fronteiras, raça e nação na República Dominicana. Baseia-se em um estudo socioantropológico, com enfoque histórico e contemporâneo, realizado na zona norte da fronteira Haiti-Dominicana entre 2007 e 2021. Este artigo descreve e analisa o processo de construção da nação dominicana na fronteira e sua relação com o Haiti. Também analisa o discurso nacionalista antihaitiano e seus efeitos históricos e atuais nas políticas de imigração dominicanas, bem como na vida de milhares de migrantes, e de dominicanos de ascendência haitiana.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Frontera dominico-haitiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Haití]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nacionalismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[migración]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[discriminación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dominican-Haitian border]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Haiti]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nationalism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[migration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[discrimination]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Fronteira Dominicana-Haitiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Haiti]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[nacionalismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[migração]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[discriminação]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altagracia Espada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El cuerpo de la patria: Intelectuales, imaginación geográfica y paisaje de la frontera en la República Dominicana durante la Era de Trujillo]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudios Iberoamericanos, UPR-Arecibo / Librería La Tertulia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Augelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nationalization of Dominican Borderlands]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geographical Review]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>19-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Báez Evertsz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frank.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Braceros haitianos en la República Dominicana]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frederik]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Les groupes ethniques et leurs frontières (traducción de Jacqueline Bardolph, Philippe Poulignat y Jocelyne Streiff-Fenart)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poutignat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Philippe]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Streiff-Fenart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jocelyne]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Théories de l&#8217;ethnicité]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>203-49</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Presses Universitaires de France (PUF)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michiel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Una frontera -refugio: Dominicanos y Haitianos contra el estado (1870-1930)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Sociales]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>92</numero>
<issue>92</issue>
<page-range>39-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michiel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Una frontera para cruzar: La sociedad rural a través de la frontera dominico-haitiana (1870-1930)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Sociales]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>94</numero>
<issue>94</issue>
<page-range>5-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belique]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dominican Republic: President Abinader&#8217;s Anti-Haitianism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Black Agenda Report]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belique Delba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana María]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genocidio civil de dominicanos y dominicanas de ascendencia haitiana en la República Dominicana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[MERIDIONAL Revista Chilena de Estudios Latinoamericanos]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>abril-septiembre</numero>
<issue>abril-septiembre</issue>
<page-range>179-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernardin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raymond]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La nationalité haïtienne: constitutions et lois de 1804 à 1987]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[L'Imprimeur II]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Binazzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alice]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daniel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. Pricila]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El nuevo presidente electo de la República Dominicana. Luis Rodolfo Abinader Corona. La política del cambio entre desafíos internos y política exterior]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comparative Cultural Studies-European and Latin American Perspectives]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>211-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boisseron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Monique]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Migrations et besoins du monde agricole en République dominicaine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yacou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alain]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[De l&#8217;Ile Espagnole à la République Dominicaine d&#8217;aujourd&#8217;hui]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>164-73</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Karthala/CERC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonniol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jean-Luc]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Au prisme de la créolisation. Tentative d&#8217;épuisement d&#8217;un concept]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[L&#8217;Homme]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>207-208</numero>
<issue>207-208</issue>
<page-range>237-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourgeois]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Catherine]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Dis-moi quelle est la couleur de ta peau et je te dirai qui tu es&#8221;. Phénotype, langage et stéréotypes en République dominicaine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Civilisations]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>1 y 2</numero>
<issue>1 y 2</issue>
<page-range>31-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourgeois]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Catherine]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Au-delà des collines. Ethnographie des relations dominico-haïtiennes en zone frontalière]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourgeois]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Catherine]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Nadie puede contar lo que pasó&#8221;. Memorias de la Masacre de 1937 en República Dominicana]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bosch Carcuro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Matías]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta Matos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elíades]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amaury]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Masacre de 1937. 80 años después Reconstruyendo la memoria]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>47-81</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[CLACSO/Fundación Juan Bosch]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourgeois]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Catherine]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vivre sur fond de frontière. Nationalités et enjeux des identifications à la frontière dominico-haïtienne]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[MERIDIONAL Revista Chilena de Estudios Latinoamericanos]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>71-104</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourgeois]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Catherine]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Política de desnacionalización y movimiento Reconoci.do en República Dominicana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Movimientos Sociales. Memoria del 56° congreso internacional de americanistas]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>224-36</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Manuel Alcántara, Mercedes García Montero y Francisco Sánchez López]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cambrézy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luc]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introduction]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonnemaison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joël]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cambrézy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luc]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quinty-Bourgeois]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laurence]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La nation et le terrioire. Le territoire, lien ou frontière? Tome 2]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<page-range>9-15</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[L&#8217;Harmattan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capdevila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lauro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La dictature de Trujillo. République dominicaine 1930-1961]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Coll. &#8220;Horizons Amérique latine&#8221;. L&#8217;Harmattan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cassá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historia social y económica de la República Dominicana (tomos 1 &amp; 2)]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alfa y Omega]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo Semán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vinicio A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Qué pasa con el muro?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Listín Diario]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Suzy]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The American occupation of Haiti (1915-34) and the Dominican Republic (1916-24)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Massachusetts Review]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1/2</numero>
<issue>1/2</issue>
<page-range>253-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>CDN</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Denuncian haitianos construyen canal para desviar río Masacre por Dajabón]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CDN]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Célius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlo A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Considérations sur l&#8217;énonciation de &#8220;l&#8217;identité créole&#8221; à partir de l&#8217;exemple d&#8217;Haïti]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Célius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlo A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Situations créoles. Pratiques et représentations]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>155-86</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Editions Nota Bene]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Charles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oberde]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Plus de 140 000 Haïtiens rapatriés en Haïti en 2022]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Le National]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clérismé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rénald]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Main d&#8217;oeuvre haïtienne, capital dominicain. Essai d&#8217;anthropologie historique]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[L&#8217;Harmattan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Caso de las niñas Yean y Bosico vs. República Dominicana. Sentencia de 8 de septiembre de 2005. Serie C No. 130]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Genova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicholas]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ananya]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Practices of Illegalisation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antipode]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>352-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Jesús Cedano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sobeida]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El régimen jurídico de la frontera]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dilla Alfonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Haroldo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cedano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sobeida De Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fronteras en transición]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>177-200</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo de Estudios Multidisciplinarios Ciudades y Fronteras]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Derby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lauren]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Haitians, magic, and money: Raza and society in the Haitian-Dominican borderlands, 1900 to 1937]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comparative Studies in Society and History]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>92</numero>
<issue>92</issue>
<page-range>488-526</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Derby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lauren]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turits]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard Lee]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Historias de terror y los terrores de la historia: La masacre haitiana de 1937 en la República Dominicana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Sociales]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>92</numero>
<issue>92</issue>
<page-range>65-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Derby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lauren]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turits]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard Lee]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Temwayaj kout kouto, 1937: Eyewitness to the Genocide]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Accilien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cécile]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jessica]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méléance]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elmide]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revolutionnary Freedoms: A History of Survival, Strength and Imagination in Haiti]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>137-43</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Caribbean Studies Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edmonds]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kevin]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panchang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Deepa]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fluerant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marshall]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rattan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rishi]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stabilizing Haiti: Mission Accomplished? A Review of the Work of MINUSTAH 2010-2011]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Caribbean Quilt]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Fédération Internationale pour les Droits Humains (FIDH)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Policy briefer: Human Rights in Haiti and recommendations for MINUSTAH]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Franklin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los negros, los mulatos y la nación dominicana]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editora Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Franklin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sobre racismo y antihaitianismo (y otros ensayos)]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Librería Vidal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Franklin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Juxtaposition et interaction des deux colonies française et espagnole à la veille de la révolution]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yacou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alain]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Saint-Domingue espagnol et la révolution nègre d&#8217;Haïti (1790 et 1822)]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>71-9</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Karthala/CERC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galván]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel de Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Enriquillo, leyenda histórica dominicana (1503-1533)]]></source>
<year>1882</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Imp. de Garcia Hermanos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raymundo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cuatro formaciones campesinas, tres visiones de identidad y una propuesta. Comunicación en el Coloquio Internacional Transnational Hispaniola. 4 de junio de 2010. Santo Domingo]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grimson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Nación en sus límites. Contrabandistas y exiliados en la frontera Argentina-Brasil]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Culturas. Gedisa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoetink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Harry]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Santo Domingo y el Caribe. Ensayos sobre cultura y sociedad]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación cultural dominicana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Hoy</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Autoridades prohíben celebraciones de gagá en San Pedro de Macorís]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hoy]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Caitlin]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dupain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Etant]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exclusiva: República Dominicana expulsó a 1.800 niños a Haití sin sus padres este año]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CNN en Español]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurbon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laënnec]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comprendre Haïti. Essai sur l&#8217;Etat, la nation, la culture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Les Classiques des sciences sociales]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Orlando]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Azúcar, Árabes, Cocolos y Haitianos]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editora Cole]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[L&#8217;Étang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerry]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Créolisation et créolité à la Martinique: Essai de périodisation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burac]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maurice]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bégot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Danielle]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[L&#8217;habitation/plantation. Héritages et mutations. Caraïbe-Amérique]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>185-95</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Karthala]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Listín Diario</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Editorial. Haití, un factor desestabilizador]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Listín Diario]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Losonczy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anne-Marie]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Les saints et la forêt. Rituel, société et figures de l&#8217;échange avec les Indiens Emberá chez les Négro-Colombiens du Chocó]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Recherches Amériques latines. L&#8217;Harmattan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Losonczy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anne-Marie]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ritualisation mémorielle et construction ethnique postcommuniste chez les Hongrois de Transcarpathie (Ukraine)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Civilisations]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>131-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lozano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wilfredo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La paradoja de las migraciones. El Estado dominicano frente a la inmigración haitiana]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNIBE/FLACSO/SJRM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marrero Aristy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ramón]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La República Dominicana: Origen y destino del pueblo cristiano más antiguo de América (tomo 1)]]></source>
<year>1957</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editora del Caribe]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marrero Aristy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ramón]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La República Dominicana: Origen y destino del pueblo cristiano más antiguo de América (tomo 2)]]></source>
<year>1958</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editora del Caribe]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mejía Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuello Nieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Vidas truncadas. Estudio sociológico sobre el impacto de la falta de documentos de identidad en la escolaridad de menores de ascendencia haitiana en República Dominicana. El caso de San Pedro de Macorís]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FLACSO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moya Pons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frank]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La otra historia dominicana]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Librería La Trinitaria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>MUDHA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[El nombre y la nacionalidad como simbología de la existencia]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MUDHA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nabajoth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toussaint Louverture et la Constitution de 1801: Une perspective indépendantiste dans le cadre d&#8217;un régime autoritaire ?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yacou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aalin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Saint-Domingue espagnol et la révolution nègre d&#8217;Haïti (1790 et 1822)]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>259-78</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Karthala/CERC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OBMICA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Deportación de mujeres embarazadas y lactantes consterna a República Dominicana]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>ONE</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La variable étnico racial en los censos de población en la República Dominicana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ONE]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paulino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edward]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Dividing Hispaniola: The Dominican Republic&#8217;s Border Campaign against Haiti, 1930-1961]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Pittsburgh Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pandillas haitianas se lanzan con todo contra agentes de la Policía]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Listín Diario]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Hogla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enecia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[RD y Haití con posiciones encontradas respecto a canal en el río Masacre]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diario Libre]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Presidencia de la República Dominicana</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Decreto 668-22]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>República Dominicana</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Ley n° 169-14 que establece un régimen especial para personas nacidas en el territorio nacional inscritas irregularmente en el registro civil dominicano y sobre naturalización]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sáez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los jesuitas en la República Dominicana. Vol. 1 (1936-1961)]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Musée National d&#8217;Histoire et de Géographie/Archive Historique des Antilles]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Lustrino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gilberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Trujillo. El constructor de una nacionalidad]]></source>
<year>1938</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editora Cultural]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silié]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rubén]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Le projet national dominicain à l&#8217;épreuve des faits: L&#8217;après-trujillisme]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yacou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alain]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[De l&#8217;Ile Espagnole à la République dominicaine d&#8217;aujourd&#8217;hui]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>87-94</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Karthala/CERC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tejada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eddy]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wooding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bridget]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Migración laboral en República Dominicana: estado de la inmigración haitiana en tiempos de globalización]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bornschein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dirk]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[II Informe Regional del Sistema FLACSO. Una mirada sistemática sobre las migraciones en América Latina y el Caribe: El Estado y la economía como factores de influencia]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>179-96</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[FLACSO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Théodat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jean-Marie]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Haïti-République Dominicaine. Une île pour deux: 1804-1916]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Karthala]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Tribunal Constitucional</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Sentencia TC/0168/13]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turits]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard Lee]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A world destroyed, a nation imposed: The 1937 haitian massacre in the Dominican Republic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hispanic American Historical Review]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>589-635</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turits]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard Lee]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Par-delà les plantations. Question raciale et identités collectives à Santo Domingo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Genèses]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>66</numero>
<issue>66</issue>
<page-range>51-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bernardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Trujillo y Haití (1937-1938)]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>Vol. 2.</volume>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Cultural Dominicana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bernardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cómo reducir la presencia haitiana en nuestro país]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hoy]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wills]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Siobhán]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McLaughlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cahal]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Louis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ilionor]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sent to Haiti to keep the peace, departing UN troops leave a damaged nation in their wake]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Conversation]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaglul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Imaginaire social et identité nationale. Le cas de la République dominicaine]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
