<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-4436</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Pensar en Movimiento: Revista de ciencias del ejercicio y la salud]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Pensar en Movimiento]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-4436</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escuela de Educación Física de la Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-44362025000100020</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/pensarmov.v23i1.64714</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Maximum heart rate prediction equations fail key external validation test]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Equações de predição da frequência cardíaca máxima não superam teste-chave de validação externa]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Las ecuaciones predictoras de frecuencia cardiaca máxima no superan prueba clave de validación externa]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portuguez Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Priscilla]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aragón-Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>20</fpage>
<lpage>44</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-44362025000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-44362025000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-44362025000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Maximum heart rate equations (HRmax) have been used due to their easy availability and practicality, as compared to stress tests. However, the best-known equation, &#8220;220 &#8211; age&#8221;, shows low reliability and deviations of up to 12 beats/min. New formulae have been proposed, but they have not been correctly validated. The purpose of this study was to validate 7 prediction equations by using an independent data set. A data base of 634 subjects (474 men and 160 women) 18&#8211;85 years of age, obtained within a health service developed at the University of Michigan from 1990&#8211;1992, has been used. The subjects performed a VO2max test on a treadmill, following a free protocol. A linear regression technique was used in which the appropriate equations were those that met the two hypotheses: slope = 1 and constant = 0. According to the results, none of the equations analyzed for the full sample accepted both hypotheses. When doing the analysis by sex, six of the equations met the two hypotheses for the women, but none of them for the men; and when the analysis was done by age group, 4 of the equations met the hypotheses for the group 40 years old or younger, but not for those above 40. The HRmax seems to be difficult to predict through a single equation. Therefore, it is recommended that, when a valid measure for this variable is needed, a stress test be used.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo As equações de predição da frequência cardíaca máxima (FCmax) têm sido utilizadas devido à sua facilidade de obtenção e praticidade, quando comparadas aos testes de esforço. No entanto, a equação mais conhecida "220 &#8722; idade" apresenta baixa confiabilidade e desvios de até 12 batimentos/min. Foram propostas novas fórmulas, entretanto não foram devidamente validadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi validar 7 equações de predição usando um banco de dados independente. Utiliza-se um banco de dados de 634 indivíduos (474 homens e 160 mulheres) com idades entre 18 e 85 anos, obtidos como parte de um serviço de saúde desenvolvido na Universidade de Michigan entre 1990-1992. Os sujeitos realizaram um teste de VO2máx em uma esteira, seguindo um protocolo livre. Utilizou-se a técnica de regressão linear, na qual as equações apropriadas foram aquelas que preencheram as duas hipóteses: inclinação = 1 e constante = 0. De acordo com os resultados, nenhuma das equações analisadas para toda a amostra aceitou ambas as hipóteses. Ao realizar a análise por sexo, seis das equações atenderam às duas hipóteses para as mulheres, mas nenhuma para os homens; e, quando realizadas de acordo com a faixa etária, 4 das equações atenderam às hipóteses para o grupo de pessoas com 40 anos ou menos, mas não para o grupo de pessoas com mais de 40 anos. A FCmax parece ser difícil de prever por uma única equação, por isso recomenda-se que, quando uma medida válida dessa variável for necessária, seja utilizado um teste direto.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las ecuaciones de frecuencia cardiaca máxima (FCmax) se han utilizado por su fácil obtención y practicidad, en comparación con las pruebas de esfuerzo. Sin embargo, la ecuación más conocida &#8220;220 &#8722; edad&#8221; presenta baja fiabilidad y desviaciones de hasta 12 lat/min. Se han planteado nuevas fórmulas, pero estas no han sido correctamente validadas. El propósito de este estudio fue validar 7 ecuaciones de predicción utilizando una base de datos independiente. Se utiliza una base con datos de 634 sujetos (474 hombres y 160 mujeres) de 18-85 años, que fueron obtenidos como parte de un servicio de salud desarrollado en la Universidad de Michigan entre 1990-1992. Los sujetos realizaron una prueba de vO2max en banda sin fin, siguiendo un protocolo libre. Se utilizó la técnica de regresión lineal, en la que las ecuaciones adecuadas fueron aquellas que cumplieron con las dos hipótesis: pendiente = 1 y constante = 0. De acuerdo con los resultados, ninguna de las ecuaciones analizadas para toda la muestra aceptó ambas hipótesis. Al realizar el análisis de acuerdo con el sexo, seis de las ecuaciones cumplieron con las dos hipótesis para las mujeres, pero ninguna para los hombres; y, cuando se realizó de acuerdo con el grupo de edad, 4 de las ecuaciones cumplieron las hipótesis para el grupo de personas de 40 años o menos, pero no para el grupo de mayores de 40 años. La FCmax parece ser difícil de predecir por una única ecuación, por lo que se recomienda que, cuando se necesite una medida válida de esta variable, se recurra a una prueba directa.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[exercise tests]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[stress tests]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[health]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[testes ergométricos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[testes de esforço]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[saúde]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pruebas de ejercicio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pruebas de esfuerzo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[salud]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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