<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-4266</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Investigación UNED]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Investigación UNED]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-4266</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-42662023000200142</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22458/urj.v15i2.4578</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Producción bovina de carne y leche en la península de Osa, Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Bovine meat and milk production in the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cordero-Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WingChing-Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodolfo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería Dirección Regional Huetar Caribe ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Limón]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Zootecnia Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ San José]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>142</fpage>
<lpage>158</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-42662023000200142&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-42662023000200142&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-42662023000200142&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Introducción: La industria ganadera en la Península de Osa se remonta a 1948 y es una parte significativa del desarrollo local. Al comprender su estado actual, se pueden identificar oportunidades de mejora para las fincas de cría de ganado. Objetivo: Caracterizar la producción de bovinos en Bahía Drake y Puerto Jiménez, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Metodología: Visitamos sistemas de producción desde agosto de 2017 hasta abril de 2018 y realizamos entrevistas sobre productores, tierras, ganado y otros aspectos. Resultados: Evaluamos 43 sistemas de producción en P. Jiménez y 27 en Drake. En P. Jiménez, el 81% de las personas a cargo de la finca eran hombres y el 95% eran propietarios de tierras (media: 35 años de experiencia). El tamaño medio de la finca fue de 88 ha, con el 63% del área dedicada a pastos. El tamaño medio del rebaño fue de 77 animales, con una carga animal de 1,61 UA/ha. Los valores correspondientes para Bahía Drake fueron 89% de hombres, 95% propietarios de tierras, 25 años de experiencia; 79 ha, con el 39% de pastos; 44 animales, 1,21 UA/ha. Conclusión: En ambos sitios, la mayoría de las personas a cargo son propietarios masculinos y no hay diferencias marcadas entre ambos sitios en cuanto a fincas o rebaños.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Introduction: The cattle industry in Osa Peninsula dates back to 1948, and is a significant part of local development. By understanding its current state, improvement opportunities can be identified for cattle breeding farms. Objective: To characterize bovine production in Bahia Drake and Puerto Jimenez, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Methodology: We visited production systems from August 2017 to April 2018, and made interviews on producers, land, herd and other aspects. Results: We evaluated 43 production systems in P. Jimenez and 27 in Drake. In P. Jimenez, 81% of the people in charge of the farm were men and 95% landowners (mean: 35 years of experience). Mean farm size was 88ha, with 63% of the area dedicated to pasture. Mean herd size was 77 animals, with an animal load of 1,61AU/ha. Corresponding values for Bahía Drake were 89% men, 95% landowners, 25 year experience; 79ha, with 39% pasture; 44 animals, and 1,21UA/ha. Conclusion: At both sites, most of the people in charge are male owners, and there are no marked differences in farms or herds between sites.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[livestock]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[herd structure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[forages]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[feed inputs]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[land use]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[productive and reproductive indicators.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[semovientes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estructura de hato]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[forrajes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[insumos alimenticios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[uso del suelo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[indicadores productivos y reproductivos.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Asociación Cámara de Ganaderos Unidos del Sur. (ACGUS)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Caracterización de los asociados a la ACGUS (en línea).]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arosemena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pezo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Argel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Requerimientos externos e internos de fósforo en pasto Ratana (Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merrill) y Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pasturas tropicales]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>34-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arronis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Recomendaciones técnicas sobre sistemas intensivos de producción de carne: estabulación, semiestabulación y suplementación estratégica en pastoreo.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Assogba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An economic analysis of tropical forest resource conservation in a protented area.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>5850</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bodoque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ballesteros-Cánovas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubiales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Percuha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nadal-Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stoffel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quantifying soil erosion from hiking trail in a protectred natural area in the spanish pyrenees.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Land Degradation Development]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>2255-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Broom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galindo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murgueitio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sustainable, efficient livestock production with high biodiversity and good welfare for animals.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the Royal Society B]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>280</volume>
<page-range>2013-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos-Granados]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arce-Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sustitutos de maíz utilizados en la alimentación animal en Costa Rica.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrición Animal Tropical]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>91-113</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Constantino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Deforestation and hunting effects on wildlife across Amazonian indigenous lands.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecology and Society]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daigle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moriel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tedeschi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vendramini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Catlle adapted to tropical and subtropical environments: social, nutritional, and carcass quality considerations.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Animal Science]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Córdova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Córdova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Córdova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ganancia diaria de peso al destete en terneros de cruces Bos taurus con Bos indicus en trópico húmedo.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista MVZ Córdoba]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>589-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Corporación de Fomento Ganadero (CORFOGA).</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Caracterización de los asociados a la Asociación Cámara de Ganaderos Unidos del Sur (ACGUS) Zona Sur, Costa Rica.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Corporación de fomento ganadero (CORFOGA).</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe sobre la situación actual en el uso de minerales en las fincas del proyecto piloto de ganadería baja en emisiones de GEI, 2015-2016.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filazzola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dettlaff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Batbaatar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grenke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peetoom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cahill Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of livestock grazing on biodiversity are multitrophic: a meta-analysis.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecology Letters]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>1298-309</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franceschi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Participación Juvenil en proyectos institucionales de organismos no gubernamentales en la Península de Osa, Costa Rica: de beneficiarios a sujetos protagónicos del desarrollo rural regional.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[InterSedes: Revista de las Sedes Regionales]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>21</numero>
<issue>21</issue>
<page-range>147-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friedlander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ballesteros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Breedy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naranjo-Elizondo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salinas-de-León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nearshore marine biodiversity of Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica: Where the ocean metes the rainforest.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS ONE]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Review: Livestock production increasingly influences wildlife across the globe.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Animal]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>^s2</numero>
<issue>^s2</issue>
<supplement>2</supplement>
<page-range>s372-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de Desarrollo Rural (INDER).</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Caracterización del Territorio Península de Osa.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de Desarrollo Rural (INDER)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Plan de Desarrollo rural Territorial del Territorio de OSA 2017-2022.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC).</collab>
<source><![CDATA[X Censo Nacional de Población y VI de Vivienda: Resultados Generales.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[VI Censo Nacional Agropecuario: Características de las Fincas y de las Personas Productoras.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Metagenomic insights into the microbe-mediated B and K2 vitamin biosynthesis in the gastrointestinal microbiome of ruminants.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Microbiome]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>10</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernandez-Jover]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magouras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dürr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brookes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wildlife-livestock interactions in animal production systems: what are the biosecurity and health implications?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Animal Frontiers]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>8-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joseph]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viswanath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Findlay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sprinkle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strickland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kolok]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Investigation of relationships between fecal contamination, cattle grazing, human recreation and microbial source tracking markers in a mixed land use rangeland watershed.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Water Research]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>194</volume>
<page-range>116921</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ley General del Servicio Nacional de Salud Animal</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Ley N° 8495.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Diario Oficial La Gaceta N°93]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madrigal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fallas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Informe Encuesta Ganadera 2012.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Propuesta de un Sistema de Buenas Prácticas Sostenibles en Ganadería para la Asociación de Ganaderos Silvopastoriles de Osa, en los cantones de Golfito y Osa.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Callaghan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelly-Quinn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jennings]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antunes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fenton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[hUallacháin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Impact of cattle Access to watercourses: Literature review on behalf of the COSAINT Project.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pozo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cusack]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acebes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Traba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iranzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris-Trainor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mindeman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bunnefeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radic-Schilling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moraga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arriagada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reonciling livestock production and wild herbivore conservation: challenges and opportunities.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trends in Ecology &amp; Evolution]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>750-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Renault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Humblet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saegerman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biosecurity at cattle farms: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pathogens]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosendo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Capitulo XXXIX Vitaminas. Uso racional en vacas doble propósito.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Stagnaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto Belloso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ganadería Doble Propósito]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>476-91</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Astro Data S.A.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ngapo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huerta-Leidenz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Review. Tropical Beef: Is there an axiomatic basic to define the concept?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Foods]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Características de la producción de leche en Comarcas El Pavón, Malakawas y Bocana de Paiwas del municipio de Paiwas, Raas.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Agraria de Nicaragua]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sifuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación del diseño de pequeñas fincas agropecuarias y de la condición de las pasturas mejoradas en la zona sur de Costa Rica.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CATIE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación (SINAC)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe Anual de Estadísticas SEMEC 2021. SINAC en Números.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villalobos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aspectos fisiográficos aplicados a un Bosquejo de Regionalización Geográfico Climático de Costa Rica.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tópicos meteorológicos y oceanográficos]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>26-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pastoreo Voisin Teorías- Prácticas- Vivencias]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<edition>2</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Méritos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tilker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abrams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohamed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sollmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niedballa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhagwat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. N. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rawson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guegan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kissing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wegmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilting]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Habitat degradation and indiscriminate hunting differentially impact faunal communities in the Southeast Asian tropical biodiversity hotsot.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Communications Biology]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>2</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berruecos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efecto de la proporción de genes Bos indicus x Bos taurus sobre el peso al destete y edad a primer parto en una población multirracial.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>US Census Bureau</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Census and Survey Processing System. Version 7.0.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villarreal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación comparativa de Ratana (Ischaemum ciliare) como especie forrajera.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agronomía Costarricense]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>37-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ward]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vestal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lalman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors affecting adoption of cow-calf production practices in Oklahoma.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>851-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weissenhofer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Werner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pamperi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aubrecht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Natural and cultural history of the Golfo Dulce region, Costa Rica.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Stapfia]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>88</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WingChing-Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Índices productivos y reproductivos de fincas de cría de ganado bovino de carne en la zona Sur de Costa Rica.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Investigación UNED]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>247-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WingChing-Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar-Figueroa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Población de nematodos en forrajes tropicales en dos rangos de altura en el cantón de San Carlos, Alajuela.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agronomía Costarricense]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>185-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
