<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-4266</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Investigación UNED]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Investigación UNED]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-4266</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-42662023000200059</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22458/urj.v15i2.4593</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Producción de nanocelulosa a partir de rastrojo de piña y raquis de palma africana]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Nanocellulose production from pineapple leaves and palm oil rachis]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas Mesén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jairo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jirón García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eddy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samaniego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cesar Bernal]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Ingeniería Química Sede del Caribe]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Unidad de Recursos Forestales]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Ingeniería Química Sede del Caribe]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Ingeniería Química Sede del Caribe]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>59</fpage>
<lpage>76</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-42662023000200059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-42662023000200059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-42662023000200059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Introducción: La nanocelulosa, la forma nanométrica de la celulosa, puede ser producida mediante diversos métodos, incluyendo tratamientos químicos, ruptura física o ambos. Los residuos agroindustriales, como el raquis de aceite de palma y el rastrojo de piña, suelen usarse como combustible o para compostaje en las plantaciones. Sin embargo, no se utilizan para productos de mayor valor agregado. Objetivo: Producir nanofibras de celulosa a partir de sistemas de baja energía y bajos requerimientos de insumos. Métodos: Caracterizamos químicamente el rastrojo de piña y el raquis de aceite de palma africana y los sometimos a degradación química y tratamientos mecánicos para obtener nanofibras de celulosa. Degradamos las fibras con ácido acético (HOAc) y las caracterizamos con microscopía visible, microscopía de fluorescencia, espectroscopía infrarroja, difracción de rayos X y microscopía electrónica de transmisión. Resultados: Las hojas de piña y los raquis de aceite de palma africana presentaron contenidos de celulosa de 35,8 ± 0,5% y 17,9 ± 0,1%, respectivamente. Obtuvimos nanofibras con espesores de 40nm y 10,8nm. Conclusión: El método híbrido de tratamiento químico y ruptura mecánica resultó exitoso en la obtención de nanocelulosa fibrilar utilizando reactivos de baja concentración.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Introduction: Nanocellulose, the nanometer form of cellulose, can be produced through various methods, including chemical treatments, physical rupture, or their combination. Agro-industrial waste, like palm oil rachis and pineapple leaves, is commonly used as fuel or composting in plantations. However, it is not typically used for value-added products. Objective: To produce cellulose nanofibers starting with low-energy and low-input systems. Methods: We chemically characterized pineapple leaves and African palm oil rachis and subjected them to chemical degradation and mechanical treatments, to obtain cellulose nanofibers. The fibers were subsequently degraded with acetic acid (HOAc) and characterized using visible microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Results: Pineapple leaves and African palm oil rachis had cellulose contents of 35,8 ± 0,5% and 17,9 ± 0,1%, respectively. We obtained nanofibers with thicknesses of 40nm and 10,8nm. Conclusion: The hybrid method of chemical treatment and mechanical rupture proved successful in obtaining fibrillar nanocellulose with low-concentration reagents.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biomass]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nanomaterials]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[technology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[valuation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[wastes.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biomasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nanomateriales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[residuo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tecnología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[valorización.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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