<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-4266</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Investigación UNED]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Investigación UNED]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-4266</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-42662020000200419</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22458/urj.v12i2.2846</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Ruido ambiental en áreas verdes urbanas y periurbanas de una microcuenca en Heredia, Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Environmental noise in urban and periurban green areas of a micro basin in Heredia, Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfaro-Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Danny]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portuguez-Brenes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perdomo-Velázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Masís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal a Distancia Escuela de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Centro de Estudios Mexicanos ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal a Distancia Vicerrectoría de Investigación Laboratorio de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>419</fpage>
<lpage>432</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-42662020000200419&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-42662020000200419&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-42662020000200419&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Introducción: Una manifestación de los impactos ambientales provocados por la urbanización es la contaminación acústica, relacionada con la presencia de niveles sonoros no deseados provocados por actividades humanas. Estos afectan a la vida silvestre con incomodidad, estrés y otros efectos dañinos, e incluso pueden incluir daño físico. Objetivo: Analizar el ruido presente en áreas verdes periurbanas y urbanas adyacentes a la microcuenca del río Bermúdez, en Heredia, Costa Rica. Métodos: Instalamos equipos de grabación automatizados Audiomoth en seis sitios de muestreo a lo largo de la microcuenca. Se establecieron tres sitios de estudio en el área periurbana y tres en el área urbana. Los dispositivos se programaron para registrar 1 minuto cada 10 minutos durante 24 horas durante 6 días continuos, dos veces por sitio. El índice de ruido (SPL1) se utilizó para evaluar los sonidos grabados a través de medidas de presión sonora. Resultados: Los niveles de ruido promedio en el área urbana fueron significativamente más altos que en el área periurbana (V=3 383 238, P&lt;0,001). Encontramos diferencias significativas en los seis sitios de muestreo (F = 3 773,65, P&lt;0,001). Los niveles de ruido fueron diferentes tanto de día como de noche (F= 5 578,21, P&lt;0,001 y F= 1 472,09, P&lt;0,001, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Los niveles de ruido más altos se dan en áreas con mayor incidencia antrópica, básicamente de urbanización, industria, construcción y transporte, con potencial de afectar la vida silvestre local.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Introduction: One of the manifestations of environmental impacts caused by urbanization is noise pollution, related to the presence of unwanted sound levels caused by human activities. These affects wildlife with discomfort, stress, and other harmful effects and might even include physical damage. Objective: To analyze the noise present in peri-urban and urban green areas adjacent to the micro basin of the Bermúdez River, in Heredia, Costa Rica. Methods: We installed Audiomoth automated recording equipment in six sampling sites along the micro basin. Three study sites were established in the peri-urban area and three in the urban area. Devices were programmed to record 1 minute every 10 minutes for 24 hours over 6 continuous days, twice per site. The Noise Index (SPL1) was used to evaluate the recorded sounds through sound pressure measurements. Results: The average noise levels in the urban area were significantly higher than in the peri-urban area (V=3 383 238, P&lt;0,001). We found significant differences in the six sampling sites (F= 3 773,65, P&lt;0,001). Noise levels were different both day and night (F= 5 578,21, P&lt;0,001 and F=1 472,09, P&lt;0,001, respectively). Conclusions: Higher noise levels occur in areas with a higher anthropic incidence, basically from urbanization, industry, construction, and transport, with a potential to affect the local wildlife.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Environmental noise]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ecoacoustics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[urban ecology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[micro-basin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[audiomoth]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ruido ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ecoacústica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ecología urbana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[microcuenca]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[audiomoth]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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