<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-4266</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Investigación UNED]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Investigación UNED]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-4266</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-42662020000100027</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22458/urj.v12i1.2807</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Monitoreo de nitratos en los drenajes de palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis): una herramienta para la sostenibilidad del cultivo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Nitrate monitoring in oil palm drainages (Elaeis guineensis): A tool for crop sustainability]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Alpízar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coy Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Tecnológico de Costa Rica Escuela de Química ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Tecnológico de Costa Rica Escuela de Química ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Tecnológico de Costa Rica Escuela de Química ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>27</fpage>
<lpage>39</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-42662020000100027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-42662020000100027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-42662020000100027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Introducción: La pérdida del nitrógeno adicionado en fertilizantes a las plantaciones de palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis), ocurre principalmente por arrastre pluvial o lixiviación de nitratos, los cuales impactan cuerpos de agua receptores y ecosistemas asociados. Las pérdidas pueden afectar el desarrollo sostenible de la actividad. Objetivo: Evaluamos el monitoreo de nitratos en drenajes agrícolas de un cultivo de palma aceitera, como herramienta para la toma de decisiones de aplicación del fertilizante y reducción de pérdidas. Metodología: Analizamos la concentración de nitratos en cuatro drenajes ubicados en suelo con cultivo de palma de distinta clase textural, con condiciones homogéneas de edad de la plantación, clima y tipo de fertilización, antes y después de eventos de fertilización. Estimamos la carga de nitratos, QNO3 -(mgs-1), las diferencias estadísticas y de tendencia en los drenajes. Resultados: QNO3 - aumenta después de la fertilización, pero existe una diferencia significativa en la varianza de los grupos (0,000033, alfa=0.05) determinada por la variación de QNO3 - del drenaje ubicado en suelo de clase textural arcillosa (Q4). La QNO3 - exhibe una velocidad de crecimiento más positiva y una disminución posterior más negativa en Q4 que en el drenaje de suelo de clase textural arenosa. Discusión: Las diferencias de QNO3 - en los drenajes se relaciona con la clase textural del suelo drenado, el desarrollo de las raíces y la profundidad a la que suceden los procesos de lavado, asimilación, lixiviación y procesamiento de nitratos. Conclusión: El monitoreo de nitratos en los drenajes de este cultivo permite estimar la tendencia de QNO3 - relacionada con la clase textural del suelo, y visualizar la velocidad de pérdidas por lixiviación o lavado pluvial. Recomendamos el monitoreo de QNO3 - en los drenajes de palma aceitera para tomar decisiones sobre la aplicación reducida o retrasada de fertilizante con el fin de reducir pérdidas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Introduction: Most nitrogen added in fertilizers to oil palm plantations (Elaeis guineensis) is lost by storm drainage or nitrate leaching, which impacts receiving water bodies and associated ecosystems. Losses could affect the sustainable development of the activity. Objective: This work evaluates the nitrates monitoring in agricultural drains of an oil palm crop, as a tool for decision making of fertilizer application and loss reduction. Methodology: We analyzed the concentration of nitrates in four drains located in soil with palm cultivation of different textural class, and homogeneous conditions of plantation age, climate and fertilization type, before and after fertilization events. We estimated the nitrate load, QNO3 - (mg s-1), statistical and trend differences in drainages. Results: QNO3 - increases after fertilization, nevertheless, there is a significant difference in the in the variance of the groups (0.000033, alpha = 0.05) determined by the variation of QNO3 - of the drainage located in soil of clay textural class (Q4). The QNO3 - exhibits a more positive rate followed of a more negative decrease after fertilization in Q4 than in the drainage of sandy textural class. Discussion: The differences of QNO3 - in the drainages are related to the textural class of the drained soil, the development of the roots and the depth at which the washing, assimilation, leaching and nitrate processing processes occur. Conclusion: The monitoring of nitrates in the drains of this crop allows to estimate the tendency of QNO3 - related to the textural class of the soil, and to visualize the rate of losses by leaching or pluvial washing. We recommend monitoring of QNO3 - in oil palm drains to make decisions about reduced or delayed fertilizer application in order to reduce losses.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[oil palm]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fertilization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nitrates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sustainable agriculture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[precision agriculture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[natural resources]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[palma aceitera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fertilización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nitratos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agricultura sostenible]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agricultura de precisión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[recursos naturales]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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