<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-4266</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Investigación UNED]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Investigación UNED]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-4266</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-42662018000200285</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22458/urj.v10i2.1938</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In vivo enzyme activity and induction of DNA damage in Swiss albino male mice by automobile waste leachate]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Actividad enzimática in vivo e inducción de daño en el ADN en ratones machos albinos suizos por lixiviación de desechos de automóviles]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anifowoshe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abass Toba]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iyiola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oluyinka Ajibola]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olafimihan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Temitope Fatima]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oladipo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Segun Olayinka]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yakubu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sunday Frank]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abubakar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thuwaibat Oyiyoza]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bakare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rukayat Ifedolapo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akinseye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kehinde Monica]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sulaiman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Faoziyat Adenike]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Ilorin Faculty of life sciences Department of Zoology]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ilorin]]></addr-line>
<country>Nigeria</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Ilorin Department of Zoology Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ilorin]]></addr-line>
<country>Nigeria</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Kwara State University Department of Bioscience &amp; Biotechnology Zoology Unit]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Malete]]></addr-line>
<country>Nigeria</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Adeyemi College of Education Department of Biology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ondo Ondo State]]></addr-line>
<country>Nigeria</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Ilorin Faculty of Life Sciences Department of Biochemistry]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ilorin]]></addr-line>
<country>Nigeria</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>285</fpage>
<lpage>295</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-42662018000200285&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-42662018000200285&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-42662018000200285&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The rapid growth of motor vehicles use, together with poor waste disposal, produce environmental and biological threats. We evaluated the genotoxicity and enzyme activity of simulated automobile waste leachate in Swiss albino male mice (Mus musculus). Four mice per group were intraperitoneally treated with four leachate concentrations (10%, 15%, 20% and 25% v/v: simulant (IOASL)/distilled water), as well as a negative control (0.5mL UILSL); and a positive control (cyclophosphamide 20mg/Kg body weight) for five consecutive days. There was a concentration-dependent increase in sperm abnormality compared to the negative control (except at 10% and 15%; p&lt;0,05). Heavy metal (Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn) exceeded permissible limits for waste water. Significant variability was also recorded in liver serum enzyme activity (AST, ALP, ALT and ALB) and in the frequencies of micronuclei (p&lt;0,05). The interaction of some of these components with the genetic constitution of the cell during spermatogenesis might be responsible for the abnormalities.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El rápido crecimiento del uso de vehículos automotores, junto con la eliminación deficiente de residuos, producen amenazas ambientales y biológicas. Evaluamos la genotoxicidad y la actividad enzimática del lixiviado de residuos de automóviles en ratones machos albinos suizos (Mus musculus). Cuatro ratones por grupo fueron tratados por vía intraperitoneal con cuatro concentraciones de lixiviados (10%, 15%, 20% y 25% v/v: simulante(IOASL)/agua destilada), como control negativo (0,5mL UILSL); y un control positivo (ciclofosfamida 20mg/Kg de peso corporal) durante cinco días consecutivos. Hubo un aumento dependiente de la concentración en la anormalidad del esperma en comparación con el control negativo (excepto al 10% y 15%, p&lt;0,05). El metal pesado (Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cr, Cu, Fe y Zn) excedió los límites permisibles para las aguas residuales. También se registró una variabilidad significativa en la actividad enzimática del suero hepático (AST, ALP, ALT y ALB) en las frecuencias de micronúcleos (p&lt;0,05). La interacción de algunos de estos componentes con la constitución genética de la célula durante la espermatogénesis podría ser responsable de las anomalías.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[automobile waste leachate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[micronucleus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[enzyme activities]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sperm morphology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ipata Oloje]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lixiviados de residuos de automóviles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[micronúcleos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[actividades enzimáticas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[morfología de los espermatozoides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ipata Oloje]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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