<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-4266</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Investigación UNED]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Investigación UNED]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-4266</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-42662015000200249</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Monitoring species of mammals using track collection by rangers in the Tilarán mountain range, Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arévalo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.Edgardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yoryineth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Geiner]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,The School for Field Studies  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Atenas Alajuela]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Monteverde Conservation League  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Monteverde ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Puntarenas]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>249</fpage>
<lpage>257</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-42662015000200249&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-42662015000200249&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-42662015000200249&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Although monitoring of animal populations for informed decision making is fundamental for the conservation and management of biodiversity, monitoring programs are not widely implemented. In addition, monitoring plans often represent an economic burden for many conservation organizations. Here we report on the monitoring of five focal species of mammals in the Tilarán mountain range, Costa Rica. We used a participatory approach in which trained rangers of four institutions conducted trail surveys in an area of ca 50,000ha to determine the presence/absence of the paca (Cuniculus paca), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), tapir (Tapirus bairdii), jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor) using track collections. Permanent transects of 3 km were sampled on the same day every month in 2000-01 (141 km) and 2009-10 (303 km). Four of the five focal species were registered in our sampling. One of the most valuable outcomes of the study was the initiative of the rangers to train community members to participate in the monitoring plan. We believe that this participatory approach not only has great potential for the integration of rangers in long term monitoring, but also the incorporation of citizen science-based programs. Multi-institutional collaboration for species monitoring could reduce costs and increase the sampling effort.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[ResumenA pesar de que el monitoreo de poblaciones animales para la toma de decisiones es fundamental para la conservación, los planes de monitoreo no son ampliamente implementados. Además, los planes de monitoreo a menudo representan una carga económica para muchas organizaciones. Este estudio presenta resultados del monitoreo de cinco especies de mamíferos de la Cordillera de Tilarán, Costa Rica. Guardabosques de cuatro instituciones realizaron muestreos de senderos en un área de aproximadamente 50.000 hectáreas para determinar la presencia/ausencia de tepezcuintle (Cuniculus paca), sahino (Pecari tajacu), tapir (Tapirus bairdii), jaguar (Panthera onca) y puma (Puma concolor) mediante la búsqueda de huellas. Usamos transectos permanentes de 3 kilómetros en 2000-01 y 2009-10. Cuatro de las cinco especies focales se registraron en nuestro muestreo. Creemos que este enfoque participativo no sólo tiene un gran potencial para la integración de los guardabosques en el monitoreo a largo plazo, sino también la incorporación de programas de ciencia-ciudadana.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Citizen-science]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cuniculus paca]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[endangered species]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Monteverde]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Panthera onca]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reserve management]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ciencia-ciudadana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cuniculus paca]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[especies amenazadas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Manejo de reservas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Monteverde]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Panthera onca]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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