<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-4223</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios Históricos de la Masonería Latinoamericana y Caribeña]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[REHMLAC]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-4223</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-42232018000100004</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rehmlac.v9i2.31496</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Global History and Freemasonry: 300 years of Modernity, Sociability and Imperialism]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Historia global y masonería: 300 años de sociabilidad, modernidad e imperialismo]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>4</fpage>
<lpage>21</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-42232018000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-42232018000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-42232018000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In the second half of the eighteenth century, members of European Commercial Companies founded the first Masonic lodges overseas over the many port cities within the global system of market relations. From that moment on and as imperialisms intensified, new lodges were founded, which associated a large number of mostly European foreigners and, as of the second half of the nineteenth century, natives also became members. Consequently, this essay proposes to interpret, from a Global History perspective, how imperialisms conditioned the insertion of Freemasonries beyond Europe, and how it functioned as a network of international sociability.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, miembros de las compañías comerciales europeas organizaron las primeras logias masónicas de ultramar en las distintas ciudades portuarias insertas en el sistema global de relaciones de mercado. A partir de ese momento y a medida que se intensificaron los imperialismos, se fundaron nuevas logias, que asociaron a una importante cantidad de extranjeros europeos en su mayoría y, desde la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, de nativos. En consiguiente, este ensayo propone interpretar desde la historia global cómo los imperialismos condicionaron la inserción de las masonerías más allá de Europa, y de qué manera funcionó como una red de sociabilidad internacional.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Global Order]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[International Relations and Identities]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Historiography]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Social Networks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Eurocentrism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Orden global]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[relaciones e identidades internacionales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historiografía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[redes sociales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[eurocentrismo]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barraclough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Geoffrey]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Main Trends of Research in the Social and Human Sciences: History]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berlin ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Mouton Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bogdan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henrik]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Snoek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JanA.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of Freemasonry. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion (Book 8)]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Leiden | Boston ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Braudel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernand]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen à l'époque de Philippe II]]></source>
<year>1949</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Armand Colin]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Braudel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernand]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historia y Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza Editorial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ching]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chinese Ethics and Kant]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Philosophy East and West]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>161-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chinos masones&#8221;. La logia Chee Kung Tong &#33268;&#20844;&#22530; en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[REHMLAC]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>141-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Freemasons of South Africa]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Johannesburgo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Human &amp; Rousseau]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Georges]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La fractura imaginaria. Las falsas raíces del enfrentamiento entre Oriente y Occidente]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tusquets]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeKeghel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alaindir]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[L'Amérique Latine et la Caraïbe des Lumieres. Une Francmaçonnerie d&#8217;influence]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dervy]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Solar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felipe Santiago]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Secreto y Sociedades Secretas en la crisis del Antiguo Régimen. Reflexiones para una historia interconectada con el mundo hispánico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[REHMLAC]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>132-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DelSolar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FelipeSantiago]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las Logias de Ultramar. En torno a los orígenes de la Francmasonería en Chile 1850-1862]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Occidente Historia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dussel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[China [1421-1800]. Razones para cuestionar el Eurocentrismo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Archipiélago. Revista Cultural de Nuestra América]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>44</numero>
<issue>44</issue>
<page-range>7-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elliott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America 1492-1830]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Connecticut ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Yale University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fazio Vengo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hugo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La historia global y su conveniencia para el estudio del pasado y del presente]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Historia Crítica. Edición Especial]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>300-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrer Benimeli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JoséAntonio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La masonería]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Zaragoza ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza Editorial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FerrerBenimeli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JoséAntonio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vías de penetración de la masonería en el Caribe]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[REHMLAC]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frank]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andre Gunder]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ReORIENT: Global Economy in the Asian Age]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of California Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fukuyama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El fin de la historia y el último hombre]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Planeta-Agostini]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harland-Jacobs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jessica]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hands across the Sea: The Masonic Network, Bristish Imperialism, and the North Atlantic World]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geographical Review]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>237-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harland-Jacobs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jessica]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[All in the Family: Freemasonry and the British Empire in the Mid-Nineteen Century]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of British Studies]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>448-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harland-Jacobs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jessica]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Builders of Empire. Freemasonry and British Imperialism, 1717-1927]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chapel Hill, NC ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The University of North Carolina Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harland-Jacobs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jessica]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global Brotherhood: Freemasonry, Empires, and Globalization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[REHMLAC]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>Hors série nº1. Special Issue UCLA-Grand Lodge of California</numero>
<issue>Hors série nº1. Special Issue UCLA-Grand Lodge of California</issue>
<page-range>70-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hobsbawm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rebeldes primitivos. Estudio sobre las formas arcaicas de los movimientos sociales en los siglos XIX y XX]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Ariel]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huntington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Samuel P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Simon &amp; Schuster]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Igler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Great Ocean: Pacific Worlds from Captain Cook to the Gold Rush]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacob]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margaret]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Living the Enlightenment: Freemasonry and Politics in EighteenthCentury Europe]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacob]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margaret]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Origins of Freemasonry: Facts and Fictions]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Pennsylvania ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Pennsylvania Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karpiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frank]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Freemasonry, Colonialism, and Indigenous Elites]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Interactions: Regional Studies, Global Processes, and Historical Analysis]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>March 3</conf-date>
<conf-loc>Washington, DC </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Theodore]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Globalization of Markets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Harvard Business Review]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>92-102</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hacia la construcción de una historia social de la masonería en Centroamérica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Estudios]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prosopografía y redes sociales: notas metodológicas sobre el estudio de la masonería en Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[REHMLAC]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Handbook of Freemasonry editado por Henrik Bogdan y Jan A. M. Snoek]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[REHMLAC]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>336-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Masones y masonería en la Costa Rica de los albores de la Modernidad (1865-1899)]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MartínezEsquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PozueloAndrés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yván]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[300 años: masonerías y masones, 1717-2017]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palabra de Clío]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Imperialismos, masones y masonerías en China (1842-1911)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pozuelo Andrés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yván]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aragón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rogelio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[300 años: masonerías y masones, 1717-2017. Tomo V. Cosmopolitismo]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palabra de Clío]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Freemasonry, Civil Society, and the Public Sphere in Central America (1865-1876)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ritual, Secrecy, and Civil Society]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>2/5</numero>
<issue>2/5</issue>
<page-range>255-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marx]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karl]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Engels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frederick]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Collected Works, Vol. 6, 1845-1848]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[International Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazlish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bruce]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global History in a Posmodernist Era?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazlish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bruce]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Conceptualizing Global History]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boulder ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Westview Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazlish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bruce]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparing Global History to World History]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Interdisciplinary History]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>385-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazlish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bruce]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecumenical, World, and Global History]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pomper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Philip]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[H. Elphick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[World History: Ideologies, Structures and Identities]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Malden Mass. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Blackwell]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazlish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bruce]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[On History Becoming History: World History and New Global History]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mollés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dévrig]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Triangle atlantique et triangle latin: l&#8217;Amérique latine et le systèmemonde maçonnique (1717-1921), Éléments pour une histoire des opinions publiques internationales]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[France ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Strasbourg]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mollés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dévrig]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[L&#8217;histoire globale et la question maçonnique: éléments pour une analyse]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[REHMLAC]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mollés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dévrig]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Le système-monde maçonnique à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale: une analyse archéologique]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[REHMLAC]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>12-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mollés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dévrig]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La invención de la masonería. Revolución cultural: religión, ciencia y exilios]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Plata, Argentina ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editora de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Federica]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thibaud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Clément]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verdo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Geneviève]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Les empires atlantiques. Des lumières au libéralisme (1763-1865)]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rennes ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Presses Universitaires de Rennes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osterhammel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jürgen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La transformación del mundo: Una Historia Global del siglo XIX]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Crítica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8216;Re-orientando&#8217; historias nacionales: los nuevos retos de la historia global en el mundo académico chino]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Orientando. Temas de Asia Oriental, Sociedad, Cultura y Economía]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>29-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perrot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dominique]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Preiswerk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roy]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ethnocentrism and history: Africa, Asia, and Indian America in western textbooks]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[NOK Publishers International]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pomeranz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kenneth]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Great Divergence. China, Europe and the Making of the Modern World Economy]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Princeton, NJ ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ranke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leopold von]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Role of the Particular and the General in the Study of Universal History (A Manuscript of the 1860s)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iggers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wilma A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Theory and Practice of History]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Révauger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cécile]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saunier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Éric]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Franc-Maçonnerie dans les ports]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bordeaux ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Elixir of Empire: The English Public Schools, Ritualism, Freemasonry, and Imperialism]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Regency Press Ltd.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rüsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jörn]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Following Kant: European idea for a universal history with an intercultural intent]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Groniek. Historisch Tijdschrift]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>160</volume>
<page-range>359-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Said]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edward W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Orientalism]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ramdom House]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Said]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edward W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Culture and Imperialism]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Knopf]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shestova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tatyana L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global History as a Trend of Global Studies]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grinin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonid E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ilyin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ilya V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Korotayev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrey V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Globalistics and Globalization Studies]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Volgograd ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[&#8216;Uchitel&#8217; Publishing House]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sommer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dorothe]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Freemasonry in the Ottoman Empire: A History of the Fraternity and its Influence in Syria and the Levant]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tauris]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Source]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karim Wissa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Freemasonry in Egypt 1798-1921: A Study in Cultural and Political Encounters]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin British Society for Middle Eastern Studies]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>143-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adam]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación sobre la naturaleza y causa de la riqueza de las naciones (1776)]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spengler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oswald]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Der Untergang des Abendlandes. Umrisse einer Morphologie der Weltgeschichte]]></source>
<year>1922</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toynbee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arnold]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Civilization on Trial]]></source>
<year>1948</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vries]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Peer]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The California School and beyond: how to study the Great Divergence?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[History Compass]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>730-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reflections on 300 years of Freemasonry]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lewis Masonic]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wauthier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claude]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Strange Inheritance: Africa&#8217;s Freemasons]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Le Monde Diplomatique]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wallerstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Immanuel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[World-Systems Analysis: An Introduction]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Durham NC ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Duke University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Max]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism]]></source>
<year>1951</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Glencoe ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Free Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Max]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ancient Judaism]]></source>
<year>1952</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Glencoe ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Free Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Max]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Religion of India: the Sociology of Hinduism and Buddhism]]></source>
<year>1958</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Free Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Max]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism]]></source>
<year>1958</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Scribner&#8217;s Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wittfogel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karl A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Oriental Despotism: A Comparative Study of Total Power]]></source>
<year>1957</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New Haven ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Yale University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
