<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-3820</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Comunicación]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Comunicación]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-3820</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-38202024000100160</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18845/rc.v33i1.7194</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Simbología del mal en la Tierra Media de Tolkien]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armendáriz Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joyzukey]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Chihuaha  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>160</fpage>
<lpage>170</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-38202024000100160&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-38202024000100160&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-38202024000100160&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El presente artículo explora instancias que describen elementos de la identificación de la maldad en la Tierra Media, observados principalmente en El Señor de los Anillos, y en algunas secciones de El Silmarilion del autor británico J. R. R. Tolkien. La Tierra Media como elemento físico, es decir cartográfico, se convierte en un personaje en sí mismo que engloba ejemplificaciones de maldad especialmente a través de las Dos Torres y el Monte del Destino, que brindan profundidad al concepto que Tolkien percibe como Maldad. De forma adicional, la esencia de la maldad se distingue de mayor manera en personajes clave de estas obras, como Melkor, Saruman, los Nazgûl y Denethor al desarrollar tanto la desesperanza como la tendencia a la vacuidad, aunque también ejerce influencia en Frodo y Sam, al permitir en dos últimos, la resolución eucatastrófica y benéfica de la obra. Así, se pretende un acercamiento no exhaustivo, que propone una investigación más detallada.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article explores examples that describe elements in the identification of evil in Middle-earth, found mainly in The Lord of the Rings as well as in some sections of The Silmarillion by the British author J. R. R. Tolkien. Middle-earth as a location, meaning as a cartographic element, becomes a character itself that comprises examples to deepen Tolkien&#8217;s conceptualization of evil, mainly in The Two Towers and Mount Doom. Additionally, the evil essence can be perceived more evidently in key characters such as Melkor, Saruman, the Nazgûl, and Denethor, as they develop both hopelessness and a tendency to emptiness, although it also influences Frodo and Sam by allowing in both the eucatastrophic and beneficent resolution of the play. Therefore, the aim is a non-exhaustive approach that proposes a more detailed investigation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Maldad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desesperanza]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[eucatástrofe]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Evil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hopelessness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[eucatastrophe]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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