<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-3820</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Comunicación]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Comunicación]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-3820</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-38202021000200094</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Frequency effects and the study of Limon&#8217;s Spanish copulas: ser and estar]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Los efectos de la frecuencia y el estudio de las cópulas en español en Limón: ser y estar]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>94</fpage>
<lpage>107</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-38202021000200094&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-38202021000200094&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-38202021000200094&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper presents a brief but comprehensive review of what has been done regarding the Spanish copula. It explores how frequency effects can help account for the unexplained variance found in the different proposed models, based on the Exemplar Model. This is done to propose a theoretical framework for the study of the Spanish copula in contact situations that include frequency as a variable to understand whether change is ongoing or stable, and whether the change of estar is extending to the contexts of ser, ser is extending to the contexts of estar, or both phenomena is taking place. I explore how each of the schema components interacts with each other, how these interactions fit into the traditional description of copula choice, and move away from the generative view of language as a set of rules to begin looking at it as a system highly affected by the frequency of use of its components. I then propose a procedure on how to explain copula behavior in Spanish that includes a multi-level analysis of this phenomenon.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este trabajo presenta un resumen comprensivo de lo que se ha hecho con respecto a la cópula del español. Explora cómo los efectos de frecuencia, basados en el Modelo ejemplar, pueden ayudar a descubrir la variación no explicada que se encuentra en los diferentes modelos propuestos. Se busca proponer un marco metodológico para el estudio de la cópula del español en situaciones de contacto, el cual incluye la frecuencia como una variable para entender si el cambio es continuo o estable, y si es de estar extendiéndose a los contextos de ser, de ser extendiéndose a los contextos de estar o ambos. Exploro cómo cada uno de los componentes del esquema interactúan entre sí; así mismo explico cómo estas interacciones encajan dentro de la descripción tradicional de la selección de cópula, y me alejo de la visión generativa del lenguaje como un grupo de reglas, para empezar a verlo como un sistema altamente afectado por la frecuencia del uso de sus componentes. Por último, propongo un procedimiento sobre cómo explicar el comportamiento de la cópula en español, que incluye un análisis multinivel de este fenómeno.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Language change]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[frequency effects]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[exemplar model]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[copula]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[language contact]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cambio lingüístico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[efecto de frecuencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelo ejemplar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cópula]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contacto lingüístico]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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