<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-3820</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Comunicación]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Comunicación]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-3820</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-38202018000200045</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18845/rc.v27i2.4006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en grupos heterogéneos de la Universidad Metropolitana del Ecuador]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The teaching-learning process in heterogeneous groups from the Metropolitan University of Ecuador]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raúl]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Metropolitana del Ecuador  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>45</fpage>
<lpage>58</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-38202018000200045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-38202018000200045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-38202018000200045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En la Universidad Metropolitana del Ecuador, la organización del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la asignatura &#8220;Fundamentos del marketing&#8221;, incluye estudiantes de diferentes carreras. Esta situación resulta un tanto compleja para los docentes de ese curso, pues al tener un grupo tan diverso, se da una brecha en los aprendizajes logrados por los estudiantes. Esta composición, además, coincide con otros estudios de referencia en la denominación de heterogéneos, ya que cuentan con estudiantes de varias carreras y edades distintas. Por eso, el objetivo del presente artículo es proponer un modelo de organización del aprendizaje para dicha asignatura, utilizando el método sistémico estructural y la modelación. La propuesta se denomina &#8220;Modelo del grupo de aprendizaje&#8221; y se fundamenta en las estrategias didácticas y experiencias del aprendizaje cooperativo. Considera además, los contenidos y el diagnóstico inicial para organizar en subgrupos a los estudiantes con diferentes carreras, y permite que el docente guíe el proceso hasta el producto integrador, mediante deberes. Como resultado, los estudiantes desarrollan los temas en conjunto durante el periodo 39, realizan las tareas con un enfoque multi-carrera y transmiten saberes y experiencias propias, hasta la presentación del producto integrador. En conclusión, el &#8220;Modelo del grupo de aprendizaje&#8221; deriva en acciones de organización, lo que permite lograr mejores resultados de aprendizaje y desarrollo de habilidades en los estudiantes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The teaching-learning process in heterogeneous groups from the Metropolitan University of Ecuador The structure of the teaching-learning process in the Fundamentals of Marketing subject includes students from different careers, a complex situation for the teacher, since its heteronomous nature implies they learn and develop skills with a different mindset, creating a gap in the learning achieved by the students. This group composition fits that of other reference studies where heterogeneous students are defined as multiracial and of different ages. Therefore, the objective of this article is to propose a learning organization model for the Fundamentals of Marketing subject. A &#8220;learning group model&#8221; is proposed utilizing the systemic structural method and modeling, based on cooperative learning didactic strategies and experiences. The contents and the initial diagnosis in the model are taken into account to organize students with different careers into subgroups, with the teacher guiding the process by assigning tasks to reach an integrating product. As a result, the students develop 39 the topics as a whole, carry out tasks with a multi-career focus, and transmit knowledge and their own experiences leading up to the presentation of the integrating product. In conclusion, the &#8220;learning group model&#8221; derives in organizational actions, which fosters better learning results and skill development in the students. The ideas of Hernández (2013), Madariaga (2015) and García (2016) regarding cooperative and collaborative learning, and use of coherent teaching activity planning are corroborated.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Grupos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[heterogéneos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enseñanza]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aprendizaje]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[habilidades.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[critical discursive analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social communication]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[research landscape]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bondi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Learning through personal connections: cogenerative dialogues in synchronous virtual spaces]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Teaching in Higher Education]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La enseñanza en grupos homogéneos y heterogéneos]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández de Haro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El trabajo en equipo mediante aprendizaje cooperativo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Information Technology as a Way To Support Collaborative Learning: What In-Service Teachers Think, Know and Do]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Information Technology Research]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Pezuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desarrollo psicológico y aprendizaje]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ed. Trillas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Selles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Sanmamedy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz-Carril]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Teacher&#8217;s roles in learning ecologies: looking into collaborative learningin virtual environments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Curriculum y Formación de Profesorado]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabezas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Personal Social Network as a Facilitating Tool for Collaborative Knowledge Construction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ACM International Conference Proceeding Series]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kagan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cooperative learning]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Clemente ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Resources for Teachers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Audioblogs and Tvblogs, Tools for Collaborative Learning in Journalism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicar]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>42</numero>
<issue>42</issue>
<page-range>. 45-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madariaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walliser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Participation of students of maritime engineering in the naval exercise &#8220;MARSEC 2015&#8221;with website of the Spanish Navy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Interrnational Conference on Education &amp; Professional Development of Engineers in the Maritime Industry]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Limbiati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uso intensivo de herramientas de colaboración en línea en educación superior]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Electrónica de Didáctica en Educación Superior]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>6</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peirats]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los grupos interactivos como estrategia didáctica en la atención a la diversidad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ensayos, Revista de la Facultad de Educación de Albacete]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>28</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piñeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alternate Reality Games (ARG). Contributions, Limitations, and Potentialities to the Service of the Teaching at the University Level]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Comunicar]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pujolás]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Agrupamiento heterogéneo del alumnado y atención a la diversidad: La estructura cooperativa de la actividad en el aula]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Perspectiva Escolar]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>324</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
