<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-1321</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agronomía Mesoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agron. Mesoam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-1321</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-13212025000100045</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/am.2025.62197</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto de extractos acuosos de mojuelo de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) sobre plantas de arupo (Chionanthus pubescens Kunth)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of aqueous extracts of quinoa mojuelo (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) on arupo plants (Chionanthus pubescens Kunth)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro-Albán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hugo Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz Escobar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura Esther]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado-Capó]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yelenys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guanga-Chunata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Deysi Margoth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Darwin Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montenegro-Robalino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victor Hugo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Agromikroben  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Riobamba Chimborazo]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Humanas y Tecnologías ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Riobamba Chimborazo]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas Instituto de Biotecnología de las Plantas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Clara Villa Clara]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal de Bolívar Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Recursos Naturales y del Ambiente ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guaranda Bolívar]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal de Bolívar Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Recursos Naturales y del Ambiente, Agroindustria Departamento de Bilogía Molecular]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guaranda Bolívar]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica de Ambato  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ambato Tungurahua]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-13212025000100045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-13212025000100045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-13212025000100045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción. Chionanthus pubescens Kunth es un árbol endémico del sur de Ecuador con usos ornamentales en los pueblos de la región debido a su inflorescencia rosada. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de extractos acuosos de mojuelo de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) sobre el crecimiento de plantas de arupo (Chionanthus pubescens Kunth) y la incidencia de Fusarium sp. Materiales y métodos. El ensayo se realizó en la provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador, durante el año 2022. Los extractos acuosos de mojuelo de quinua se obtuvieron mediante el método de Soxhlet, y sus concentraciones se determinaron por espectrofotometría UV-VIS. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con arreglo bifactorial, con tres niveles para el factor A (extracto acuoso de mojuelo: extracto madre al 100 % y diluciones al 50 % y 75 % en agua destilada estéril; v/v) y tres niveles para el factor B (frecuencia de aplicación: cada 7, 14 y 21 días). Se evaluaron diez tratamientos, incluido un control absoluto, con tres repeticiones cada uno. En diez plantas seleccionadas al azar por tratamiento se midieron variables morfológicas (altura, número de hojas por planta y diámetro del tallo), así como la incidencia de Fusarium sp. Resultados. Las concentraciones del extracto acuoso de mojuelo al 50 % y 75 % aplicadas semanalmente promovieron un mejor desarrollo morfológico y redujeron el porcentaje de afectación por Fusarium sp. en las plantas de arupo, lo cual se reflejó en la altura (16,3 cm), el número de hojas (17,8), el diámetro del tallo (6,5 cm) y la incidencia de la enfermedad (50 %). Conclusiones. Los extractos acuosos obtenidos del mojuelo de quinua aplicados en plantas de Chionanthus pubescens Kunth en vivero redujeron la incidencia de marchitez por Fusarium sp. y favorecieron su crecimiento en las primeras etapas de desarrollo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction. Chionanthus pubescens Kunth is an endemic tree of southern Ecuador with ornamental uses in the villages of the region due to its pink inflorescence. Objective. To evaluate the effect of aqueous extracts of quinoa mojuelo (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) on the growth of arupo plants (Chionanthus pubescens Kunth) and the incidence of Fusarium sp. Materials and methods. The trial was conducted in the province of Chimborazo, Ecuador, during 2022. Aqueous extracts of quinoa mojuelo were obtained using the Soxhlet method, and their concentrations were determined by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. A completely randomized block design with a bifactorial arrangement was used, with three levels for factor A (aqueous extract of mojuelo: mother extract at 100 %, and 50 % and 75 % dilutions in sterile distilled water; v/v) and three levels for factor B (application frequency: every 7, 14, and 21 days). Ten treatments were evaluated, including an absolute control, with three repetitions each. In ten randomly selected plants per treatment, morphological variables (height, number of leaves per plant, and stem diameter) were measured, as well as the incidence of Fusarium sp. Results. The 50 % and 75 % aqueous extract concentrations applied weekly promoted better morphological development and reduced the percentage of Fusarium sp. incidence in arupo plants, as reflected in height (16.3 cm), number of leaves (17.8), stem diameter (6.5 cm), and disease incidence (50 %). Conclusions. Aqueous extracts obtained from quinoa mojuelo applied to Chionanthus pubescens Kunth plants in nursery conditions reduced the incidence of Fusarium wilt and favored their growth in the early stages of development.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biofungicida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cultivo andino]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[marchitez de las posturas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[metabolitos secundarios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bio-fungicide]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Andean crop]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[damping-off]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[secondary metabolites]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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