<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-1321</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agronomía Mesoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agron. Mesoam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-1321</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-13212025000100039</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/am.2024.59522</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Obtención de plantas de girasol silvestre (Helianthus annuus L.) para un bioensayo con herbicidas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Obtaining wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants for bioassays with herbicides]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cisneros-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ma. Eugenia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdez-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz-Chairez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Flor Elena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa-Ramirez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garza-Cedillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rubén Darío]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galicia-Juárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marisol]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias Campo Experimental Río Bravo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Tamaulipas]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias Campo Experimental Río Bravo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Tamaulipas]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias Campo Experimental Río Bravo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Tamaulipas]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias Campo Experimental Río Bravo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Tamaulipas]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias Campo Experimental Río Bravo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Tamaulipas]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexicali Baja California]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-13212025000100039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-13212025000100039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-13212025000100039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción.  El girasol silvestre o polocote (Helianthus annuus L.) es la principal maleza anual en el cultivo de sorgo y maíz en el norte de Tamaulipas, México. Existe escasa información sobre esta especie para realizar bioensayos con herbicidas. Objetivo. Establecer una metodología para la obtención de plántulas de polocote para bioensayos con herbicidas, desde la semilla hasta la multiplicación en vivero. Materiales y métodos. La semilla de polocote se recolectó en enero del año 2023, en el Campo Experimental del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), en Río Bravo, Tamaulipas. Después, se ejecutó la prueba de germinación inicial sobre papel filtro y viabilidad con tetrazolio. Se comprobó latencia por baja germinación (12 %) y alta viabilidad (86 %). Se usaron doce tratamientos para romper la latencia, mediante etanol (70 %) y agua (75, 25). Como control se utilizó solamente agua. Los tratamientos se aplicaron a temperaturas de 5 °C y 20 °C, sobre papel filtro, algodón y peat moss, en cajas Petri durante siete días. Posteriormente, se mantuvieron a una temperatura de ±25 °C. Con los resultados anteriores, se estableció la fase de vivero con cuatro esquemas con trasplante de semilla pregerminada y dos con siembra directa. Resultados. El mejor tratamiento para romper latencia fue inmersión en agua a 5 °C por siete días sobre algodón, con una germinación del 73 %. Los mejores métodos para obtener plantas fueron charolas con plántulas y trasplante en macetas negras con 75 % y 50 % de supervivencia, respectivamente. La sombra inhibió el crecimiento de las plantas. La siembra directa, con o sin prehidratación de la semilla, fue desfavorable para la germinación y emergencia. Conclusión. La obtención de plántulas de girasol silvestre fue superior cuando la semilla se sometió a pretratamiento hídrico y trasplante posterior a charolas o a bolsas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction.  The wild sunflower or polocote (Helianthus annuus L.) is the main annual weed in the cultivation of sorghum and corn in northern Tamaulipas, Mexico. To date, there is little information about this species to carry out bioassays with herbicides. Objective. Establish a methodology for obtaining polocote seedlings for bioassays with herbicides, from seed to multiplication in the nursery. Materials and methods. The polocote seed was collected in January 2023, within the National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research (INIFAP) Experimental Field, in Río Bravo, Tamaulipas. Afterwards, the initial germination test was carried out on filter paper and viability with tetrazolium. Latency was confirmed due to low germination (12 %) and high viability (86 %). Twelve treatments were used to break dormancy using ethanol (70 %) and water (75, 25). As a control only water were used. The treatments were applied at temperatures of 5 °C and 20 °C, on filter paper, cotton, and peat moss in Petri dishes for seven days. Subsequently, they were kept at a temperature of ±25 °C. With the previous results, the nursery phase was established with four schemes with pre-germinated seed transplantation and two with direct sowing. Results. The best treatment to break dormancy was immersion in water at 5 °C for seven days on cotton, with 73 % germination. The best methods to obtain plants were trays with seedlings and transplanting into black open-air pots, with 75 % and 50 % survival, respectively. Shade inhibited plant growth. Direct sowing, with or without seed prehydration, was unfavorable for germination and emergence. Conclusion. Obtaining wild sunflower seedlings was higher when the seed was subjected to water pre-treatment and subsequent transplanting into trays or open-air bags.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[latencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[semilla]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[maleza de hoja ancha]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prehidratación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[polocote]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dormancy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[seed]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[broadleaf weed]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[prehydration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[polocote]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alejandro Allende]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Mata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sangerman Jarquín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Competitividad de la producción de sorgo en el norte de Tamaulipas, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>139-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baucom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evolutionary and ecological insights from herbicide-resistant weeds: what have we learned about plant adaptation, and what is left to uncover?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Phytologist]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>223</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>68-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bentivegna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daddario]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tucat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determination of optimal doses of glyphosate for controlling weeds at several stages in southwestern Buenos Aires province (Argentina).]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Plant Protection Research]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>347-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolaños-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uscanga-Mortera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tafoya-Razo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohashi-Shibata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efectividad biológica de herbicidas inhibidores de la acetil coenzima a carboxilasa y acetolactato sintasa y la presencia de resistencia en Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agrociencia]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>713-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burgos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Whole-plant and seed bioassays for resistance confirmation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Weed Science]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>SP1</numero>
<issue>SP1</issue>
<page-range>152-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burgos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patrick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tranel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Streibig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vince]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norsworthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ritz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Review: Confirmation of resistance to herbicides and evaluation of resistance levels.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Weed Science]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>4-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pritchard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Finch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. W. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of seed and seedling functional traits in native Helianthus species and the crop H. annuus (sunflower).]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Biology]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>533-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Debaeke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pierre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Francis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicolas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sunflower crop and climate change: vulnerability, adaptation, and mitigation potential from case-studies in Europe.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oil and Fat Crops Lipids]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espitia Camacho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardona Ayala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aramendiz Tatis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Morfología y viabilidad de semillas de Bombacopsis quinata y Anacardium excelsum.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cultivos Tropicales]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>75-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gatot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Growth pattern of sunflower on some light intensity in the coastal land.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Earth Environmental Science]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>752</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mancuso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ludueña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sunflower yield and climatic variables]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[HELIA]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>58</numero>
<issue>58</issue>
<page-range>69-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghaier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khaeim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarnawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Á.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kovács]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gyuricza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kende]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Germination and seedling development responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds to temperature and different levels of water availability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agriculture]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.-C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.-H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.-J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.-T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.-L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tseng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.-L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[2021 Texas cold snap: manifestation of natural variability and a recent warming trend.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Weather and Climate Extremes]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>37</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hulme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Weed resistance to different herbicide modes of action is driven by agricultural intensification.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Field Crop Research]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>292</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>International Seed Testing Association.</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The germination test]]></article-title>
<collab>International Seed Testing Association</collab>
<source><![CDATA[International rules for seed testing]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<edition>2021</edition>
<page-range>i5-56-64</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[International Seed Testing Association]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kutschera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Briggs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phototropic solar tracking in sunflower plants: an integrative perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals Botany]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>117</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laforest]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soufiane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coevolution of two sulfonylurea-resistant common chickweed (Stellaria media) biotypes with different mutations in the acetolactate synthase gene]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Weed Science]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>439-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vila-Aiub]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Powles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ALS herbicide resistance mutations in Raphanus raphanistrum: evaluation of pleiotropic effects on vegetative growth and ALS activity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pest Management Science]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>689-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mercado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caleño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rozo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Improvement of the methodology of the tetrazolium test using different pretreatments in seeds of the genus Epidendrum (Orchidaceae).]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Seed Science]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>42</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mercer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Snow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kost]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pace]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alexander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fitness of crop-wild hybrid sunflower under competitive conditions: implications for crop-to-wild introgression]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoSONE]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milivojevic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ripka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petrovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ISTA rules changes in seed germination testing at the beginning of the 21st century.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>40-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montes García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cisneros López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez Ojeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Remolacha azucarera (Beta vulgaris L.) como cultivo alternativo en el noreste de Tamaulipas, México: factores agrotecnológicos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agricultura, Sociedad y Desarrollo]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>547-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nasreen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayub]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muhammad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehwish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saleem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zarrin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Response of sunflower to various pre-germination techniques for breaking seed dormancy.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pakistan Journal of Botany]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>413-416.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ofosu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agyemang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[György]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[János]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gabriella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Herbicide resistance: managing weeds in a changing world]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agronomy]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panozzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scarabel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collavo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sattin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Protocols for robust herbicide resistance testing in different weed species]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Visualized Experiments]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>101</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Cómo proceder ante el incumplimiento de las premisas de los métodos paramétricos? o ¿cómo trabajar con variables biológicas no normales?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista del Jardín Botánico Nacional]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reséndiz Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Santillán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Briones Encinia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. del C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varela Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Situación actual de los sistemas de producción de grano de maíz en Tamaulipas, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación y Ciencia]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>62</numero>
<issue>62</issue>
<page-range>69-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivero Aragón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grillo Ravelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fenología de la interacción girasol- Homoeosoma electellum Hulst. para el desarrollo de estrategias de control.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Idesia]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>81-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosales-Robles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-de la Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerda-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Control químico de maleza de hoja ancha en sorgo para grano.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Fitotecnia Mexica]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>269-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruíz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efecto del estrés hídrico y salino sobre la germinación de Atriplex nummularia (Chenopodiaceae).]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Biológica Colombiana]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>99-106</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pre-treatments effect on the tetrazolium test on Epidendrum barbaricum Hágsater and Dodson seeds.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Agronómica]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>306-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarmiento-Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alanís-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mata-Balderas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora-Olivo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estructura y diversidad de la vegetación leñosa en un área de matorral espinoso tamaulipeco con actividad pecuaria en Nuevo León, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CienciaUAT]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>31-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seiler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Germination and viability of wild sunflower species seeds stored at room temperature and low humidity for 38 years]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Seed Science and Technology]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>307-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seiler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lili]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Utilization of sunflower crop wild relatives for cultivated sunflower improvement.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crop Science]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1083-101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Etheredge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mcginty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morgan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bgavathiannan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[First case of glyphosate resistance in weedy sunflower (Helianthus annuus).]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pest Managment Science]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>3685-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singkaew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miyagawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wongs-Aree]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vichitsoonthonkul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sokaokha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Photchanachai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Season, fruit maturity, and storage affect on the physiological quality of F1 hybrid &#8216;VTM580&#8217; tomato seeds and seedlings]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Horticulture Journal]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>12-131</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Struve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tree establishment: a review of some of the factors affecting transplant survival and establishment.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arboriculture and Urban Forestry]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>10-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Székács]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Herbicide mode action]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mesnage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Herbicides: chemistry, efficacy, toxicology, and environmental impacts]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>41-86</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dille]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peterson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chapter 15. Weed competition and management in sorghum]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ciampitti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vara Prasad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sorghum, A State of the Art and Future Perspectives]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>347-60</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Crop Science]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Environmental conditions in the nursery regulate root system development and architecture of forest tree seedlings: a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Forests]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>1131-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Warrick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sunflower production guide]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Texas A&amp;M Agrilife Extention]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
