<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-1321</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agronomía Mesoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agron. Mesoam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-1321</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-13212024000100028</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/am.2024.57626</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Macrofauna edáfica en agroecosistemas de Coffea arabica L., en Tepec-Xomolth, Nicaragua]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Soil macrofauna in agroecosystems of Coffea arabica L., in Tepec-Xomolth, Nicaragua]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morán Centeno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jimenez-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edgardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Agraria  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Managua]]></addr-line>
<country>Nicaragua</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Agraria  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Managua]]></addr-line>
<country>Nicaragua</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-13212024000100028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-13212024000100028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-13212024000100028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción.  El cafeto es un rubro de gran importancia a nivel mundial, al tener un impacto directo en la economía de los países. En Nicaragua representa el 25 % de las exportaciones. El agroecosistema de producción de cafeto está conformado por componentes que se encuentran por encima y debajo de la superficie del suelo. Objetivo. Estimar las poblaciones de macrofauna edáfica en agroecosistemas productivos de cafeto y su relación con la fertilidad del suelo y las prácticas de manejo. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se realizó de mayo a agosto de 2023, en catorce sistemas productivos de cafeto, en la reserva natural Tepec-Xomolth La Patasta. Se realizaron monolitos de 25 × 25 × 20 cm extraídos del suelo; en cada sistema se trazaron tres transectos, separados a 50 m; los especímenes colectados se identificaron hasta nivel de familia. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva, modelos lineales generalizados, pruebas de hipótesis e índices de diversidad. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas (p &lt; 0,5) para las comunidades rurales y las prácticas de manejo. La fertilidad del suelo varió de acuerdo con la altitud de las fincas. La macrofauna fue abundante en la comunidad Nueva Esperanza (20 672 individuos) y en el manejo de sombra (23 632 individuos). Se encontraron quince órdenes y 38 familias. Predominaron la clase Insecta y el grupo trófico de depredadores. La diversidad es alta y estable, resultado del manejo que realiza el productor. Conclusiones. La riqueza taxonómica y la abundancia de la macrofauna fueron similares en los sistemas evaluados, en específico los órdenes Haplotaxida, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera e Isopoda, donde sobresalen los detritívoros, omnívoros y depredadores. Se evidenció que el manejo del cultivo tiene un efecto directo en la diversidad edáfica; esto indica que los suelos son poco perturbados y existe un equilibrio ecológico.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction.  The coffee plant is an item of great importance worldwide, as it has a direct impact on the economy of the countries. In Nicaragua, it represents 25 % of exports. The coffee plant production agroecosystem is made up of components that are found above and below the soil surface. Objective. To estimate the populations of soil macrofauna in productive coffee plantation agroecosystems and their relationship with soil fertility and management practices. Materials and methods. The research was carried out from May to August 2023 in fourteen coffee plantation production systems in the Tepec-Xomolth La Patasta nature reserve. Soil monoliths measuring 25 × 25 × 20 cm were extracted, and three transects were established in each system, separated by 50 m. Specimens collected were identified at the family level. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, generalized linear models, hypothesis tests, and diversity indices. Results. Significant statistical differences (p&lt;0.5) were found for rural communities and practices. Soil fertility varied according to the altitude of the farms, with abundant macrofauna in the Nueva Esperanza community (20,672 individuals) and shade management (23,632 individuals). Fifteen orders and 38 families were identified, with the insect class and the trophic group of predators predominating. Diversity was high and stable, a result of the management practices employed by the producers. Conclusions. Taxonomic richness and abundance of macrofauna were similar in the evaluated systems, specifically in the orders Haplotaxida, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Isopoda, where detritivores, omnivores and predators stand out. The study revealed that crop management directly affects soil diversity, indicating that the soils are minimally disturbed and there is ecological balance.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[artrópodos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diversidad biológica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fertilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[suelo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cultivo bajo cubierta vegetal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[arthropods]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biological diversity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fertility]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[soil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[crop cover]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ingram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tropical soil biology and fertility: a handbook of methods]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<edition>2nd</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CAB International.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bedano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arolfo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of good agricultural practices under no-till on litter and soil invertebrates in areas with different soil types]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Soil and Tillage Research]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>158</volume>
<page-range>100-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera Dávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rectificaciones a la lista taxonómica de la macrofauna del suelo en bosques siempreverdes de la Sierra del Rosario, Artemisa, Cuba]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Botánica Cubana]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>216</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>123-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera Dávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. de la C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Iborra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Caracterización ecológica de la macrofauna edáfica en dos sitios de bosque siempreverde en El Salón, Sierra del Rosario, Cuba.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bosque (Valdivia)]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>363-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera Dávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. de la C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Rendón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ponce de León Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Macrofauna edáfica: composición, variación y utilización como bioindicador según el impacto del uso y calidad del suelo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Botánica Cubana]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>221</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera-Dávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. de la C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Socarrás-Rivero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Vigoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ponce de León-Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menéndez-Rivero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Rendón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación de la macrofauna como indicador del estado de salud en siete sistemas de uso de la tierra, en Cuba]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pastos y Forrajes]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>118-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo-Trejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flota-Bañuelos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcudia-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fraire-Cordero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosales-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quej-Chí]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Macrofauna edáfica y calidad del suelo en agroecosistemas agrícolas y pecuarios de Campeche]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>413-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez-Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benítez-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez-Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relación de la biota edáfica con las propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo en cinco pastizales de la provincia Granma.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pastos y Forrajes]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Euteneuer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wagentristl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinkellner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuchs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piepho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Butt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contrasting effects of cover crops on earthworms: results from field monitoring and laboratory experiments on growth, reproduction, and food choice]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Soil Biology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>100</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gedoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Edaphic invertebrates as indicators of soil integrity quality.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Floresta e Ambiente]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Soil macrofauna assemblage composition and functional groups in no-tillagewith corn stover mulch agroecosystems in a mollisol area of northeastern China.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Soil Ecology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>128</volume>
<page-range>61-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Familia de insectos de Nicaragua]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Agraria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mesa-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Echemendía-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés-Carmenate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Elías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guridi-Izquierdo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La macrofauna edáfica, indicadora de contaminación por metales pesados en suelos ganaderos de Mayabeque, Cuba.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pastos y Forrajes]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>116-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio Agropecuario</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Mapa nacional del café]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morán Centeno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Caracterización de sistemas productivos de café (Coffea arabica L.) en la reserva natural Tepec-Xomolth, Madriz, Nicaragua.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Siembra]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Calidad del suelo en diferentes usos y manejo por medio de la macrofauna como indicador biológico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>996-1006</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Presidente de la República de Nicaragua</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decreto Ejecutivo n.o 42-91. Declaración de áreas protegidas en varios cerros macizos montañosos, volcanes y lagunas del país.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[La Gaceta Diario Oficial]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<numero>207</numero>
<issue>207</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroz Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landeros Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallardo López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velasco Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benítez Badillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis bibliométrico del conocimiento científico sobre resiliencia de agroecosistemas.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>617-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroz Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cea Navas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zúniga-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Caracterización de la macrofauna edáfica en diferentes sistemas agroforestales, en el Municipio de San Ramón, Departamento de Matagalpa, Nicaragua.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nexo Revista Científica]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>02</numero>
<issue>02</issue>
<page-range>572-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroz-Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bárcenas-Lanzas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Caracterización y manejo del grado de complejidad de los componentes y biodiversidad y su efecto en las arvenses y macrofauna edáfica de tres fincas integrales en el occidente de Nicaragua]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecosistemas]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>R Core Team</collab>
<source><![CDATA[R: A language and environment for statistical computing]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[R Foundation for Statistical Computing.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Órdenes de insectos de importancia agrícola en Nicaragua: identificación y diagnóstico]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Agraria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jurgen Pohlan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar Centeno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gangia index (&#1002;) of beta diversity and biomathematical equations applied to quantify the agroecological multifunctional entropy: macrofauna observed in agroecosystems of Nicaragua.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Canadian Journal of Agriculture and Crops]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>78-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar Centeno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Agroecological heuristics: Xi (&#926;) biomathematical models of alpha diversity and lambda functional entropy index (&#955;) applied for macrofauna in diversified agroecosystems of Nicaragua.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>122</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>299-310</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuarán Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Soil macrofauna and edaphic properties in coffee production systems in Southern Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Floresta e Ambiente]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salgado García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palma López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lagunes Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. D. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castelán Estrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Manual para el muestreo de suelos, plantas y aguas e interpretación para la producción sostenible de alimentos]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de Postgraduados]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scaglione]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efectos a corto plazo de los cultivos de cobertura sobre propiedades y macrofauna del suelo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siu Palma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morán Centeno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alternativas biológicas para el manejo de Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), en Coffea arabica L., Jalapa, Nicaragua.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Siembra]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duran Bautista]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosas Patiño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Macrofauna edáfica asociada con sistemas agroforestales en la Amazonía Colombiana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Agronómica]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>214-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdez Arévalo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Macrofauna en suelos con Coffea arabica L. &#8220;cafe&#8221; distrito de Moyobamba-provincia Moyobamba]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Larreta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amezcua Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cueto-Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Cobos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nájera-Luna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguirre-Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estimación de los almacenes de carbono orgánico en el suelo en tres tipos de bosque templado en Durango, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Botanical Sciences]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>90-101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villalta-Villalobos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gatica-Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A look back in time: genetic improvement of coffee through the application of biotechnology.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agronomía Mesoamericana]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>577-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Plant diversity increases the abundance and diversity of soil fauna: a meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geoderma]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>411</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
