<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-1321</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agronomía Mesoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agron. Mesoam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-1321</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-13212024000100016</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/am.2024.55297</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Varroasis y nosemosis en colmenas de Apis mellifera en el municipio de Tomalá, Honduras]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Varroasis and nosemosis in Apis mellifera hives in the municipality of Tomalá, Honduras]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pineda Nataren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daneri Jasael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Videz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elder Leonel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores Somarriba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Byron]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Francisco Luis Espinoza Pineda  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Estelí]]></addr-line>
<country>Nicaragua</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Francisco Luis Espinoza Pineda  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Estelí]]></addr-line>
<country>Nicaragua</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Internacional Antonio de Valdivieso  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Rivas]]></addr-line>
<country>Nicaragua</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-13212024000100016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-13212024000100016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-13212024000100016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción.  La apicultura en Honduras es una actividad importante para el sector pecuario, amenazada por la presencia de plagas y enfermedades que afectan su desarrollo y producción. Objetivo. Determinar la carga parasitaria de Varroa destructor y Vairimorpha (Nosema) spp. asociadas al comportamiento higiénico, productividad y presencia de otras plagas en colmenas de Apis mellifera en el municipio de Tomalá, departamento de Lempira, Honduras. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio en 57 muestras de colmenas de 19 apiarios, para determinar la tasa de infestación de V. destructor. La tasa media de infección de Vairimorpha spp., se determinó mediante el método de Cantwell. Además, se determinó la asociación entre las cargas parasitarias y la productividad, comportamiento higiénico y presencia de otras plagas, mediante un análisis estratificado según el uso o no de tratamiento contra Varroa spp. La determinación de asociaciones se realizó mediante las pruebas no paramétricas U de Mann Whitney y Kruskal Wallis. Resultados. Las tasas de infestación para V. destructor en fase de dispersión y larval fueron de un 3,48 % y un 6,82 %, respectivamente, el uso de tratamiento químico no mostró asociación con la tasa de infestación de V. destructor en larvas ni en adultos (p&#8805;0,05), la presencia del pequeño escarabajo de las colmenas (PEC), se asoció con una mayor infestación de V. destructor en larvas (p&lt;0,007) en las colmenas sin tratamiento. El rango de infección de Vairimorpha spp. se encontró dentro de la clasificación muy ligera con 5×104 esporas por muestra, la carga de Vairimorpha spp. no mostró asociación con las variables mencionadas (p&#8805;0,05). Conclusión. Los resultados indican que varroasis es una enfermedad de importancia en el municipio de Tomalá, departamento de Lempira, Honduras, asociada con el comportamiento higiénico y la presencia de PEC en las colmenas. Nosemosis presentó una infección muy ligera.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction.  Beekeeping in Honduras is an important activity for the livestock sector, threatened by the presence of pests and diseases that affect its development and production. Objective. To determine the parasitic load of Varroa destructor and Vairimorpha (Nosema) spp. associated with hygienic behavior, productivity, and the presence of other pests in Apis mellifera hives in the municipality of Tomalá, Lempira department, Honduras. Materials and Methods. A study was carried out on 57 samples from hives in 19 apiaries to determine the infestation rate of V. destructor. The average infection rate of Vairimorpha spp. was determined using the Cantwell method. Additionally, the association between parasitic loads and productivity, hygienic behavior, and the presence of other pests was determined through a stratified analysis based on whether or not treatment against Varroa spp. was used. Associations were determined using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results. The infestation rates for V. destructor in dispersal and larval stages were 3.48 % and 6.82 %, respectively. The use of chemical treatment showed no association with the infestation rate of V. destructor in either larvae or a dults (p&#8805;0.05). The presence of the small hive beetle (SHB) was associated with a higher infestation of V. destructor in larvae (p&lt;0.007) in untreated hives. The infection range of Vairimorpha spp. was classified as very light with 5×104 spores per sample. The Vairimorpha spp. load showed no association with the mentioned variables (p&#8805;0.05). Conclusion. The results indicate that varroosis is a disease of importance in the municipality of Tomalá, Lempira department, Honduras, associated with hygienic behavior and the presence of SHB in the hives. Nosemosis showed a very light infection.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[infestación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[abeja africanizada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sanidad animal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ácaros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Centroamérica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[infestation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Africanized bee]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[animal health]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mite]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Central America]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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