<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-1321</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agronomía Mesoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agron. Mesoam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-1321</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-13212023000300031</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/am.2023.52280</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Factores asociados a la polinización del cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Factors associated with the pollination of the cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) crop]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ríos-Moyano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana Katherinne]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fredy Alexander]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar-Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Godoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Augusto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Salle  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Yopal]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Pamplona  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Pamplona]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Bogotá]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-13212023000300031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-13212023000300031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-13212023000300031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Introducción. La polinización es importante en gran parte de los sistemas productivos mundiales, tal es el caso del cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), el cual depende de la actividad de los insectos para su polinización. Objetivo. Recopilar las investigaciones más relevantes que incluyen los factores determinantes en la polinización del cultivo de cacao. Desarrollo. El presente trabajo fue realizado entre 2021 y 2022, con una búsqueda exhaustiva de bibliografía relacionada con la polinización y polinizadores del cultivo de cacao, en artículos científicos, en español, inglés y portugués. La información de obtuvo a partir de bases de datos, repositorios de universidades, revistas de investigación y bibliotecas agropecuarias digitales. La polinización del cultivo de cacao se atribuye a dípteros de la familia Ceratopogonidae, del género Forcipomyia sp, que se observan con mayor abundancia en época lluviosa. La presencia del insecto se ha relacionado con materiales en descomposición presentes en la cobertura del suelo, por su hábito reproductivo, por lo que se considera importante proporcionar refugios con humedad para que las larvas del polinizador puedan desarrollarse. Conclusiones. Comprender las dinámicas de polinización del cacao y los factores que la afectan es esencial para conservar y aumentar los rendimientos de los cultivos, así como los ingresos de los agricultores del mundo. Además, en el cultivo de cacao existen factores bióticos, como la presencia de polinizadores, clones utilizados y arreglos forestales, y factores abióticos, como la precipitación, temperatura, radiación y la cobertura del suelo, que marcan una pauta inicial a tener en cuenta en los sistemas productivos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Introduction. Pollination is important in many agricultural systems worldwide, including cocoa cultivation (Theobroma cacao L.) cultivation, which relies on insect activity for pollination. Objective. To compile the most relevant research on determining factors in cocoa crop pollination. Development. This work was carried out between 2021 and 2022, with an exhaustive search of literature related to cocoa crop pollination and pollinators in scientific articles, in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Information was obtained from databases, university repositories, research journals, and digital agricultural libraries. The pollination of the cocoa crop is attributed to dipterans of the family Ceratopogonidae, specifically the genus Forcipomyia sp, which are more abundant during the rainy season. The presence of the insect has been associated with decomposing materials in the soil cover, due to its reproductive habits, making it important to provide moist shelters for the development of the pollinator larvae. Conclusions. Understanding cocoa pollination dynamics and the factors that affect it, is essential for conserving and increasing crop yields and farmers' income worldwide. In cocoa cultivation, both biotic factors such as the presence of pollinators, clones used, and forest arrangements, and abiotic factors such as precipitation, temperature, radiation, and soil cover, play an initial role to consider in agricultural systems.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Forcipomyia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ceratopogonidae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[entomo&#769;fila]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[floración]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rendimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Forcipomyia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ceratopogonidae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[entomophilous]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[flowering]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[yield]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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