<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-1321</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agronomía Mesoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agron. Mesoam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-1321</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-13212023000100009</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/am.v34i1.49781</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Producción y descomposición de hojarasca de especies forestales en sistemas silvopastoriles, Valle del Sinú, Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Production and decomposition of leaf litter from forest species in silvopastoral systems, Valle del Sinu, Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tapia-Coronado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jairo J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Atencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Judith]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Córdoba  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-13212023000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-13212023000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-13212023000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Introducción. Los sistemas de producción tradicionales de ganadería generan degradación de suelos, por lo cual es importante implementar sistemas silvopastoriles como una alternativa para la producción bovina de carne y leche. Objetivo. Cuantificar la producción de hojarasca foliar de especies leñosas perennes (Gmelina arborea - Melina, Tabebuia rosea - Roble, Acacia mangium &#8211; Acacia) y el aporte potencial de nutrientes al suelo (ciclaje de nutrientes) dentro de sistemas silvopastoriles. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluó la producción y descomposición de hojarasca de especies forestales en campos sembrados con una variedad de gramínea del género Brachiaria, en el Valle medio del Sinú, Colombia, durante mayo a septiembre de 2013. Se utilizó un diseño en bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Los tratamientos utilizados fueron Pr= Brachiaria híbrido cv. Mulato II, SSP1 = Tabebuia rosea + Brachiaria cv. Mulato II, SSP2= Acacia mangium + Brachiaria cv. Mulato II y SSP3= Gmelina arborea + Brachiaria cv Mulato II. Resultados. Hubo mayor producción de hojarasca en especies forestales dentro de los sistemas silvopastoriles. La especie forestal G. arborea obtuvo los mayores aportes potenciales de nutrientes en la hojarasca con el siguiente patrón descendente en kg ha-1: C 4069,6 &gt; Ca 96,47 &gt;N 62,46 &gt; K 37,48 &gt; Mg 23,60 &gt; P 14,57. La hojarasca de la pastura Mulato II y la especie forestal G. arborea exhibieron mayor velocidad de descomposición (k= 1,87 y k=1,77, respectivamente) que el resto de las especies evaluadas. Conclusiones. Las especies forestales evaluadas mejoraron la calidad del suelo mediante un mayor aporte de hojarasca y un mayor aporte potencial de nutrientes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Introduction. Traditional livestock production systems generate soil degradation, so it is important to implement silvopastoral systems as an alternative for meat and dairy cattle production. Objective. To quantify the production of leaf litter of perennial woody species (Gmelina arborea - Melina, Tabebuia rosea - Oak, Acacia mangium - Acacia) and the potential contribution of nutrients to the soil (nutrient cycling) within silvopastoral systems. Materials and methods. The production and decomposition of leaf litter of forest species was evaluated in fields planted with a variety of grasses of the genus Brachiaria, in the middle Sinu valley, Colombia, during May to September 2013. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The treatments used were Pr= Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato II, SSP1= Tabebuia rosea + Brachiaria cv. Mulato II, SSP2= Acacia mangium + Brachiaria cv. Mulato II, and SSP3= Gmelina arborea + Brachiaria cv. Mulato II. Results. The greater production of leaf litter in forest species within the silvopastoral systems was evidenced. The forest species G. arborea had the highest potential nutrient inputs in litterfall with the following descending pattern in kg ha-1: C 4069,6&gt; Ca 96,47&gt; N 62,46&gt; K 37,48&gt; Mg 23,60&gt; P 14,57. Mulato II pasture litter and the forest species G. arborea exhibited higher decomposition rates (k= 1.87 and k=1.77, respectively) than the rest of the species evaluated. Conclusions. The forest species evaluated improved soil quality through a higher leaf litter input and a higher potential nutrient input.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agroecosistemas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[liberación de nutrientes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[descomposición de la hojarasca]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cobertura de suelo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[agroecosystems]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nutrient release]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[leaf litter decomposition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[land cover]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arcos Alcívar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaimez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aporte de nutrientes por caída de hojarasca en plantaciones de Tectona grandis (Teca) en períodos de sequía]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NOVASINERGIA Revista Digital de Ciencia, Ingeniería y Tecnología]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>17-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arunachalam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leaf litter decomposition of evergreen and deciduous Dillenia species in humid tropics of North-East India]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Tropical Forest Science]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>105-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bahamonde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. L. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barneix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moretto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Pastur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Litter decomposition and nutrients dynamics in Nothofagus antarctica forests under silvopastoral use in Southern Patagonia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agroforestry Systems]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<page-range>345-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barragán-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahecha-Ledesma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cajas-Jirón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Variables fisiológicas-metabólicas de estrés calórico en vacas bajo silvopastoreo y pradera sin árboles]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agronomía Mesoamericana]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>211-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laskowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Changes in nutrient concentrations and nutrient release in decomposing needle litter in monocultural systems of Pinus contorta and Pinus sylvestris&#8212;a comparison and synthesis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>113-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bradford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bradford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Classen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cornelissen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crowther]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Long]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freschet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kardol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manrubia-Freixa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maynard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Logtestijn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viketoft]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wardle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wieder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Putten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A test of the hierarchical model of litter decomposition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1836-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Guillen M. E</collab>
<collab>Daza L. A</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sistemas silvopastoriles: alternativa en la mitigación y adaptación de la producción bovina al cambio climático]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín Científico Centro de Museos Museo de Historia Natural]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>31-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cajas-Girón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barragán Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arreaza-Tavera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Argüelles-Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amézquita-Collazos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abuabara-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panza-Tapia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lascano-Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efecto sobre la producción de carne de la aplicación de tecnologías de renovación de praderas de Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus en la Costa Norte Colombiana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>213-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellanos-Barliza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León Peláez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Descomposición de hojarasca y liberación de nutrientes en plantaciones de Acacia mangium (Mimosaceae) establecidas en suelos degradados de Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>113-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cesarz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Craven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dietrich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eisenhauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of soil and leaf litter quality on the biomass of two endogenic earthworm species]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Soil Biology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<page-range>9-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras-Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Atencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cadena-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fallas-Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación del carbono acumulado en suelo en sistemas silvopastoriles del Caribe Colombiano]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agronomía Costarricense]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>29-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Djukic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kepfer-Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmidt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alatalo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Early stage litter decomposition across biomes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science of the Total Environment]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>628-629</volume>
<page-range>1369-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flórez-Flórez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León-Peláez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osorio-Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo-Llano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dinámica de nutrientes en plantaciones forestales de Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) establecidas para restauración de tierras degradadas en Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>515-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaspar-Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Marcial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez-Solís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acumulación y descomposición de hojarasca en bosques secundarios del sur de la Sierra Madre de Chiapas, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bosque (Valdivia)]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>467-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Güsewell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gessner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[N:P ratios influence litter decomposition and colonization by fungi and bacteria in microcosms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Functional Ecology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>211-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holdridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecología basada en zonas de vida]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultur]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Laboratory guide for conducting soil tests and plant analysis]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CRC Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extractable chloride, nitrate, orthophosphate, potassium, and sulfate&#8211;sulfurin plant tissue: 2 % acetic and extraction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of methods for plant analysis]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<page-range>115-8</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Taylor and Francis Group]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Lozano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantú-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Meza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pando-Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estrada-Castillón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Producción de hojarasca y retorno potencial de nutrientes en tres sitios del estado de Nuevo León, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Polibotánica]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>41-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cajas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Silvopastoral Systems Enhance Soil Quality in Grasslands of Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied and Environmental Soil Science]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>2014</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Atencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loaiza-Usuga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osorio-Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa-Londoño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casamitjana-Causa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leaf litter decomposition in diverse silvopastoral systems in a neotropical environment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Sustainable Forestry]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>710-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Valdez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. D. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corral Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aporte y descomposición de hojarasca en bosques templados de la región de El Salto, Durango]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>47</numero>
<issue>47</issue>
<page-range>70-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mukhopadhyay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of leaf litter types on microbial functions and nutrient status of soil: Ecological suitability of forest trees for afforestation in tropical laterite wastelands]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Soil Biology &amp; Biochemistry]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2306-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Energy storage and the balance of producers and decomposers in ecological systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecology]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>322-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura</collab>
<source><![CDATA[El trabajo de la FAO sobre el cambio climático]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura</collab>
<source><![CDATA[El estado de los bosques del mundo 2020. Los bosques, la biodiversidad y las personas]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FAO, &amp; PNUMA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pascual-Córdova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obrador-Olán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrillo-Ávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero-Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Indicadores de calidad del suelo en el agroecosistema caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad del Zulia]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña-Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Irmler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Moisture seasonality, soil fauna, litter quality and land use as drivers of decomposition in Cerrado soils in SE-Mato Grosso, Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Soil Ecology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<page-range>124-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portilla Pinzón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvajal Bazurto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cajas Girón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivero Espitia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Establecimiento de sistemas silvopastoriles para la región Caribe]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prescott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decomposition and mineralization of nutrients from litter and humus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrient acquisition by plants]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>181</volume>
<page-range>15-41</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer Berlin]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rutherford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arocena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueredo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Total nitrogen]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Soil sampling and methods of analysis]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<edition>2</edition>
<page-range>239-50</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Taylor &amp; Francis Group, LLC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crespo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acumulación de hojarasca en un pastizal de Panicum maximum y en un sistema silvopastoril de Panicum maximum y Leucaena leucocephala]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pastos y Forrajes]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>357-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suatunce Cunuhay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hojas caídas y aporte de nutrientes de diez especies forestales tropicales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ciencia y Tecnología]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>73-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Socarrás]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mesofauna edáfica: indicador biológico de la calidad del suelo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pastos y Forrajes]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>5-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Soil Survey Staff</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Claves para la taxonomía de suelos]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<edition>12</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walkley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Black]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An examination of the degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Soil Science]]></source>
<year>1934</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>29-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Zapata Cadavid A</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Sistemas silvopastoriles. Aspectos teóricos y prácticos]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<edition>2</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Corporación Autónoma Regional de Risaralda, &amp; Centro para la Investigación en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción Agropecuaria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
