<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-1321</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agronomía Mesoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agron. Mesoam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-1321</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-13212017000200405</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/ma.v28i2.25697</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto sobre la fermentación in vitro de mezclas de Tithonia diversifolia , Cenchrus clandestinum y grasas poliinsaturadas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect on of in vitro fermentation of mixture of Tithonia diversifolia , Cenchrus clandestinum and polyunsaturated fats]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardona-Iglesias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Leonardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahecha-Ledesma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Angulo-Arizala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joaquín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>CO</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>CO</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>CO</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>405</fpage>
<lpage>426</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-13212017000200405&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-13212017000200405&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-13212017000200405&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar mediante estudios  in vitro , el efecto de la mezcla de botón de oro ( Tithonia diversifolia ), kikuyo ( Cenchrus clandestinum ) y alimento concentrado, con la adición de diferentes niveles de ácidos grasos polinsaturados (AGPI), sobre la producción de metano (CH4 ml/g MSd), digestibilidad de la materia seca (%DIVMS) y producción de ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV). La investigación se llevó a cabo en el laboratorio NUTRILAB (Medellín, Colombia) en septiembre del año 2015. Se utilizaron tres combinaciones de fuentes lipídicas ricas en AGPI con un nivel total máximo de inclusión correspondiente al 3% de la materia seca incubada. Las combinaciones de fuentes lipídicas fueron: SAGPI1: 0,5%-aceite soya, 0,5%-aceite pescado, 2% grasa sobrepasante rica en omega 3. SAGPI2: 1% aceite soya, 0,5% aceite pescado, 1,5%-grasa sobrepasante rica en omega 3. SAGPI3: 2,5% aceite soya, 0,5% aceite pescado. También se utilizó una fuente de grasa sobrepasante (GSP). Los resultados obtenidos fueron procesados con base en la prueba de comparaciones preplaneadas a través del PROC-MIXED de SAS. La producción de metano in vitro disminuyó (p&lt;0,05), mientras que la digestibilidad de la materia seca incrementó (p&lt;0,05) a las 24 y 48 horas al incluir botón de oro y/o AGPI o ambos en las mezclas. En la proporción molar de AGV (%), el ácido acético fue el que mayor presencia evidenció. La inclusión de forrajeras como el botón de oro y la suplementación con fuentes de AGPI en bovinos, podría ser una estrategia para reducir emisiones de metano sin detrimento de la fermentación ruminal.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The aim of this study was evaluated by in vitro , the effect of mixing wild sunflower ( Tithonia diversifolia ), kikuyu ( Cenchrus clandestinum ) and concentrated feed, with the addition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (AGPI) on the production of methane (CH4 ml/g MSd), dry matter digestibility (%DIVMS) and production of volatile fatty acids (AGV). The research was conducted in NUTRILAB laboratory (Medellin, Colombia) in September 2015. Three combinations of AGPI rich lipid sources were used with a total maximum inclusion level corresponding to 3% of incubated dry matter. Combinations of lipid sources were: SAGPI1: 0.5% soya oil, 0.5% fish oil, 2% rich in omega 3 bypass fat. SAGPI2: 1% Soya oil, 0.5% fish oil, 1.5% bypass fat rich in omega 3. SAGPI3: 2.5% Soya oil, 0.5% fish oil. A source of bypass fat (GSP) was also used. The results were processed using pre-planned test comparisons through the PROC MIXED-SAS.The methane production in vitro decreased (p&lt;0.05), while the dry matter digestibility increased (p&lt;0.05) 24 and 48 hours after wild sunflower was include and / or AGPI or both into the mixtures. In the molar ratio of AGV (%), acetic acid showed an increased presence. The inclusion of forage like wild sunflower and sources of AGPI supplementation in cattle, could be a strategy to reduce methane emissions without causing a detriment to the ruminal fermentation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ácidos grasos poliinsaturados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[metanogénesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistema silvopastoril]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[digestibilidad in vitro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[polyunsaturated fatty acids]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[methanogenesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[silvopastoral system]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[in vitro digestibility]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of catfish oil as a feedstuff for lactating Holstein cows]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amorocho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Staples]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Dairy Sci.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<page-range>5178-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Angarita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Efecto de la inclusión de un forraje tanífero sobre las poblaciones metanogénicas del ecosistema ruminal en condiciones in vitro e in vivo.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá, COL ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Official methods of analysis of AOAC International.]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<edition>16</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Gaithersburg, MD, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[AOAC Int.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Composición nutricional, degradación in vitro y potencial de producción de gas, de herbáceas, arbóreas y arbustivas encontradas en el trópico alto de Nariño]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Apráez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Narváez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Liv. Res. Rural Dev.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arcuri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferraz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carneiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berchielli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrição de ruminantes]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efecto de diferentes tipos de grasa en dietas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noguera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Pecu.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>231</volume>
<page-range>55-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influences of saturation ratio of supplemental dietary fat on digestión and milk yield in dairy cows]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DePeters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perez-Monti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zinn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Dairy Sci.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<page-range>1505-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutritional management for enteric methane abatement: a review]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beauchemin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kreuzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Mara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McAllister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aust. J. Exp. Agric.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>21-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Supplementation of increasing amounts of linseed oil to dairy cows fed total mixed rations: effects on digestion, ruminal fermentation characteristics, protozoal populations, and milk fatty acid composition]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benchaar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chouinard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hassanat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eugene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Côrtes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Dairy Sci.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<page-range>4578-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estimating ruminal microbial efficiencies in silage-fed cattle: comparison of an in vitro method with a combination of in situ and in vivo measurements]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blümmel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schröder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Südekum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Anim Physiol. Anim. Nutr.]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<page-range>57-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estimación de las emisiones de los rumiantes en España: el factor de conversión de metano]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cambra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Arch. Zootec.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<page-range>89-101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El gas metano en la producción ganadera y alternativas para medir sus emisiones y aminorar su impacto a nivel ambiental y productivo]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carmona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolívar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giraldo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Col. Cienc. Pecu.]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>49-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castagnino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[In vitro fermentation parameters and biohydrogenation of vegetable oils without glycerol. MSc. Thesis, Estadual Paulista &#8220;Júlio de Mesquita Filho&#8221; University]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extraction of condensed tannins from beach pea (Lathyrus maritimus L.) as affected by different solvents]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chavan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shahidi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naczk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Food Chem.]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<page-range>509-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of diets with fruit oils supplements on rumen fermentation parameters, fatty acid composition and methane production in vitro]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cieslak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varadyova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kisidayova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jalc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szumacher-Strabel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Anim. Feed Sci.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>26-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of tannins source (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) on rumen microbial fermentation in vivo. Anim]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cieslak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pers-Kamczyc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szumacher-Strabel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>176</volume>
<page-range>102-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of rumen inert fat supplementation and protein degradability in starter and finishing diets on veal calf performance]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruywagen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lategan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoffman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[SA J. Anim. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>257-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Feeding of tropical trees and shrub foliages as a strategy to reduce ruminal methanogenesis: studies conducted in Cub]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galindo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scull]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dihigo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cairo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aldama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Trop. Anim. Prod.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>1097-104</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ruminants et environnement: la méthanogenèse]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demeyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fievez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ann. Zootech.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>95-112</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Life close to the thermodynamic limit: how methanogenic archaea conserve energy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deppenmeier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Müller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Results Probl. Cell. Differ.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>123-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Digestion and metabolism of dietary fat in farm animals]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doreau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chilliard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Br. J. Nutr.]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>15-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance of growing west african dwarf ewe fed mexican sunflower leaf meal based diets]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ekeocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Rec. Adv. Agri.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>69-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>FAO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[La larga sombra del ganado, problemas ambientales y opciones]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fish oils as potent rumen methane inhibitors and associated effects on rumen fermentation in vitro and in vivo]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fievez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dohmeb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Danneels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demeyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>104</volume>
<page-range>41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing rumen biohydrogenation and its manipulation in vivo, in vitro and in situ]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fievez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vlaeminck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enjalbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doreau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<page-range>740-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efectos de la suplementación con sales cálcicas de ácidos grasos insaturados sobre la digestión ruminal en vacas lecheras en pastoreo]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gagliostro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schroeder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Arch. Latinoam. Prod. Anim.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>85-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efecto del follaje de plantas tropicales en el control de la producción de metano y la población de protozoos ruminales in vitro]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galindo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Febles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aldana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Achang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarduy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Cubana Cienc. Agríc.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>359-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efecto de Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr., Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth y Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) Gray (material vegetal 23) en la población de metanógenos y en la ecología microbiana ruminal]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galindo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scull]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aldana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Febles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[La O]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarduy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Achang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Cubana Cienc. Agríc.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>273-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efecto de Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray (botón de oro) en la población de protozoos y metanógenos ruminales en condiciones in vitro]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galindo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruíz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aldana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarduy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Cubana Cienc. Agríc.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>33-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Potencial forrajero de Tithonia diversifolia Hemsl. A Gray en la producción de vacas lechera]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahecha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Angulo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Agron. Mesoam.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>393-403</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dose-response effects of Rheumofficinale root and Frangula alnusbark on ruminal methane production in vitro]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>145</volume>
<page-range>319-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of live yeast culture supplementation on rumen fermentation in lactating dairy goats]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giger-Reverdin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sauvant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tessier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bertin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morand-Fehr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[SA J. Anim. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>59-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influência do espaçamento e do estádio de desenvolvimento da planta na produção de biomassa e valor nutricional de Tithonia diversifolia (hemsl.) Gray]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gualberto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Braccialli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nucleus]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>135-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harfoot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hazlewood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The rumen microbial ecosystem]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<page-range>382-426</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[London, GBR ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Chapman and Hall]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of adding protected fat in the ration of lactating awassi ewes and fattening lambs]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hashem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Jordan J. Agr. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>35-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Color reaction of some sapogenins and saponins with vanillin and sulphuric acid]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagakajima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Planta Medica]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>116-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>IDEAM (Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Cartas climatológicas mensuales, Aeropuerto Olaya Herrera (Medellín)]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>IPCC (Panel Intergubernamental sobre Cambio Climático)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Climate change 2007: synthesis report]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of amount and source of vegetable oils in a high fibrous cattle diet on in vitro rumen fermentation, nutrient degradability and rumen cis-9, trans-11 CLA concentration]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacob]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balakrishnan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kathirvelan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Appl. Anim. Res.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>148-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of plant oils and organic acids on rumen fermentation in vitro]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jalc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kisidayova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nerud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Folia Microbiol.]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>171-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of hydrogen on rumen methane formation and fermentation balances through microbial growth kinetics and fermentation thermodynamics]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janssen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>160</volume>
<page-range>1-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Manipulation of rumen fermentation and ecology of swamp buffalo by coconut oil and garlic poder supplementation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kongmun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wanapat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pakdee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navanukraw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Liv. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>135</volume>
<page-range>84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Methane production and energy partition of cattle in the tropics]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurihara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCrabb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCrabb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Brit. J. Nutr.]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<page-range>227-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Composición química, degradabilidad ruminal in situ y digestibilidad in vitro de ecotipos de Tithonia diversifolia de interés para la alimentación de rumiantes]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[La]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orozco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruíz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ríos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valenciaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Cubana Cienc. Agríc.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>47-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of incremental levels of fish oil supplementation on specific bacterial populations in bovine ruminal fluid]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl.)]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<page-range>9-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of chestnut tannins and coconut oil on growth performance, methane emission, ruminal fermentation, and microbial populations in sheep]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaddella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Dairy Sci.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<page-range>6069-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newbold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makkar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.P.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Measuring methane production from ruminants]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>1-10</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Dordrecht, HOL. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IAEA, FAO, Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Potential of various fatty feeds to reduce methane release from rumen fermentation in vitro (Rusitec)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machmüller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ossowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wanner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kreuzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<page-range>117-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tithonia diversifolia (hemsl.) Gray (botón de oro) como suplemento forrajero de vacas F1 (Holstein por Cebú)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahecha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Liv. Res. Rural Dev.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Valor nutricional del follaje de botón de oro Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) Gray, en la producción animal en el trópico]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahecha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Liv. Res. Rural De]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>100</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Potential nutritive value of various parts of wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) as source of feed for ruminants in Kenya]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdulrazak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muleke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fujihara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Food Agric.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>632-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makkar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Quantification of tannins in tree and shrub foliage. Determination of both tannin and protein]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Dundrecht, HOL. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estimación del inventario de emisiones de metano entérico de ganado lechero en el departamento de Antioquia, Colombia]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Medellín, COL. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Parámetros de fermentación ruminal in vitro del pasto Kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giraldo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Liv. Res. Rural Dev.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Methane mitigation in ruminants: from microbe to the farm scale]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morgavi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doreau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Animal.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>351-365.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efecto de las fuentes de grasa sobre la digestión de la fibra en los rumiantes]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrión]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[REDVET]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tithonia diversifolia for ruminant nutrition]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mauricio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calsavara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calsavara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paciullo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Trop. Grassl.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>82-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Studies on ruminant saliva. 1. The composition and output of sheep&#8217;s saliva]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDougall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biochem. J.]]></source>
<year>1948</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>99-109</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Variables morfo-estructurales y de calidad de la biomasa de Tithonia diversifolia en la etapa inicial de crecimiento]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morantinos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Zootec. Trop.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>121-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of supplemental fat source on nutrient digestion and ruminal fermentation in steers]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montgomery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drouillard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagaraja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Titgemeyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sindt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Anim. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<page-range>640-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Methane production by ruminants: its contribution to global warming]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jouany]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newbold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ann. Zootech.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>231-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Supplementation of barley straw with Sesbania pachcarpa leaves in vitro: effects on fermentation variables and rumen microbial concentration structure quantified by ribosomal RNA-targeted probes]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muetzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoffmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Br. J. Nutr.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<page-range>445-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Caracterización nutricional y de la cinética de degradación ruminal de algunos de los recursos forrajeros con potencial para la suplementación de rumiantes en el trópico alto de Colombia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naranjo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuartas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. CES Med. Vet. Zootecn.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>9-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efecto de los sistemas silvopastoriles en la reducción del estrés calórico y su importancia en la producción bovina tropical.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. El Cebú]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>359</volume>
<page-range>14-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of foliage from African multipurpose trees on activity of rumen protozoa and bacteria]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newbold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hassan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wallace]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Br. J. Nutr.]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<page-range>237-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>NRC (National Research Council)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[The nutrient requirement of dairy cattle]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<edition>7</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[WA, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[National Academy Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medium-chain fatty acids from coconut or krabok oil inhibit in vitro rumen methanogenesis and conversion of non-conjugated dienoic biohydrogenation intermediates]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panyakaew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lourenço]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuangklang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fievez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>180</volume>
<page-range>18-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A new perspective on the use of plant secondary metabolites to inhibit methanogenesis in the rumen]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saxena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phytochem.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<page-range>1198-222</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of dietary fats on methane emissions, and its other effects on digestibility, rumen fermentation and lactation performance in cattle: A meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Liv. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>155</volume>
<page-range>244-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The conversion of procyanidins and prodelphinidins to cianidin and delphidin]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hrstich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phytochem.]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>223-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Posada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ceballos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ceballos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Taninos en nutrición de rumiantes]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>161-80</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[COL. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo Editorial Biogénesis]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Técnica in vitro de producción de gases: una herramienta para la evaluación de alimentos para rumiantes.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Posada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noguera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Liv. Res. Rural Dev.]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>36</numero>
<issue>36</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relación entre presión y volumen para la implementación de la técnica in vitro de producción de gases]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Posada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noguera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolívar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Col. Cienc. Pecu.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>407-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puerto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación química de tres especies con potencial forrajero del trópico alto y medio]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[MEX ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNAD]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Metanogénesis ruminal y estrategias para su mitigación]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Posada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noguera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[CES Med. Vet. Zootec.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>307-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B76">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of lovastatin on in vitro methane production and dry matter digestibility of kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Posada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. CES Med. Vet. Zootec.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>111-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B77">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of Kikuyu grass ( Pennisetum clandestinum ) age and different forage: concentrate ratios on methanogenesis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Posada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. MVZ. Córdoba]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>4726-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B78">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fermentación in vitro y composición química de algunos forrajes y dietas ofrecidas bajo un Sistema Silvopastoril en el trópico de altura]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naranjo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuartas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Liv. Res. Rural Dev.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B79">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[In vitro ruminal fermentation of Pennisetum purpureum CT-115 supplemented with four tropical browse legume species]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fondevilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castrillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>151</volume>
<page-range>65-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B80">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[In vitro assessment of the nutritive value of mixtures of leaves from tropical fodder tree]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford, GBR ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B81">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interrelación entre el contenido de metabolitos secundarios de las especies Gliricidia sepium y Tithonia diversifolia y algunas propiedades físicoquímicas del sue]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santacoloma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Granados]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[RIAA]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>53-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B82">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>SAS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[User`s guide, versión 9.1.3]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cary, NC, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAS Institute Inc.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B83">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Overmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Molecular basis of symbiosis]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>1-19</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[HOL. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B84">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bacterial mechanisms to overcome inhibitory effects of dietary tannins]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zoetendal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mackie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Microbial Ecol.]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>197-205</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B85">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soliva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hess]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makkar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Measuring methane production from ruminants]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>15-31</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[HOL ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B86">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Theodor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dhanoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mcallan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[France]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>185-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B87">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of the supplementation of a high-concentrate diet with sunflower and fish oils on ruminal fermentation in sheep]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belenguer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frutos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hervás]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Small Rumin. Res.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<page-range>119-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B88">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of different levels of fish oil and canola oil on in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vafa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naserian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moussavi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valizadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mesgaran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Res. J. Biol. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>1171-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B89">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Soest]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nutritional ecology of the ruminant]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<edition>2</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cornell University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B90">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emisión de metano entérico en rumiantes en pastoreo]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pabón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carulla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Arch. Zootec.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<page-range>51-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B91">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Calidad de la Tithonia diversifolia en una zona del Valle del Cauto]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verdecia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leonard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bazán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bodas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giráldez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[REDVET]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B92">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Degradation of volatile fatty acids in highly effcient anaerobic digestio]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuninobu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biomass Bioenergy]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>407-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B93">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Saponins containing methanol extract of Sapindus rarak affect microbial fermentation, microbial activity and microbial community structure in vitro]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muetzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoffmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makkar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>121</volume>
<page-range>159-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B94">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Control of rumen methanogenesis by inhibiting the growth and activity of methanogens with hydroxymethylglutaryl-SCoA inhibitors]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wolin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Intr. Congress Series]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>1293</volume>
<page-range>131-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B95">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of octadeca carbon fatty acids on microbial fermentation, methanogenesis and microbial flora in vitro]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>146</volume>
<page-range>259-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B96">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inhibition of rumen methanogenesis by tea saponins with reference to fermentation pattern and microbial communities in Hu sheep]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jianga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wanga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McSweeney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>166-167</volume>
<page-range>93-100</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
