<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-1321</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agronomía Mesoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agron. Mesoam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-1321</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-13212016000100001</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/am.v27i1.21874</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Impactos económicos y ambientales de las estrategias de alimentación en lecherías de Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Environmental and economic impacts of feeding strategies in Costa Rican dairy farms]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iñamagua-Uyaguari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andreas]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alarcón-Guerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vilchez-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casasola-Coto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wattiaux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Turrialba Cartago]]></addr-line>
<country>CR</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Wisconsin Departamento de Ciencia Láctea ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Wisconsis]]></addr-line>
<country>US</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>17</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-13212016000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-13212016000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-13212016000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[ResumenEl objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las prácticas de alimentación en fincas lecheras de Costa Rica y su influencia en las emisiones de gases con efecto invernadero (GEI). Se evaluó metano (CH4), óxido nitroso (N2O) y el índice ingresos sobre gastos de alimentación (IOFC). El estudio se llevó a cabo en 104 fincas lecheras, las cuales se distribuyeron en un rango de altitud entre los 1000 y 2400 msnm. Mediante un análisis de conglomerados en función de alimentos consumidos, tiempo de animales en pastoreo, áreas destinadas a potreros y pastos de corte. Se identificaron cuatro estrategias de alimentación, las cuales presentaron diferencias en las proporciones de categorías de alimentos que componen la ración diaria. Las emisiones, expresadas como dióxido de carbono equivalente por leche corregida (CO2eq/LCGP), fueron mayores para las estrategias de alimentación altas en forraje y bajas para estrategias en altitudes elevadas. El concentrado representó los mayores costos de alimentación en todas las estrategias, y significó más del 50% en el sistema de producción basado en el uso intensivo de concentrado; mientras que el costo de los fertilizantes fue más elevado en las producciones a base de pastos. Los ingresos por venta de leche fueron mayores en la estrategia del sistema intensivo. Sin embargo, el IOFC no presentó diferencias entre las estrategias a pesar de las diferencias en producción de leche. Las estrategias de alimentación influyeron en las emisiones de GEI y en los costos de alimentación. Las estrategias asociadas con menores emisiones dentro de la finca fueron las más dependientes de insumos externos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze feeding practices in Costa Rica's dairy farms and their influence on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and income over feed cost (IOFC) were evaluated. This study was carried out at 104 dairy farms, which were distributed within a range of altitude from 1000 to 2400 meters above sea level. Using cluster analysis based on type of feed, grazing period, areas of forage and pastures; four feeding strategies were identified, which included different proportions of feed categories in daily rations. Emissions expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent per kilo of fat and protein corrected milk (CO2eq/FPCM) were higher for forage feeding strategies and lower for farms found in higher altitudes. Concentrate feed accounted for the higher cost in all feeding strategies, and represented more than 50% in the intensive concentrate based production system, whereas the costs of fertilizers were higher in pasture based feeding strategies. Income from milk sales was higher for the concentrate based feeding strategy. However, IOFC was the same for all feeding strategies in spite of the large differences in daily milk production. Feeding strategies influenced GHG emissions and feeding costs. Feeding strategies associated with lower GHG emissions within the farm were more dependent from external inputs.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ganadería de leche en trópicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ingresos sobre costos de alimentación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gastos de alimentación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[emisiones GEI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[metano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[óxido nitroso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tropical dairy farms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[income over feed cost]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[feeding cost]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[GHG emissions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[methane]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nitrous oxide]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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