<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-1321</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agronomía Mesoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agron. Mesoam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-1321</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-13212015000200191</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/am.v26i2.19275</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Diversidad Genética en Bovinos de Ocho Regiones en Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Genetic diversity in cattle of eight regions in Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cordero-Solórzano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Leitón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bernardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bernal]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chacón-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Idania]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Pichardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería Servicio Nacional de Salud Animal Laboratorio Nacional de Servicios Veterinarios]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barreal de Heredia Heredia]]></addr-line>
<country>CR</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica Posgrado Regional en Ciencias Veterinarias, Tropicales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lagunilla Heredia Heredia]]></addr-line>
<country>CR</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería Servicio Nacional de Salud Animal Laboratorio Nacional de Servicios Veterinarios]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barreal de Heredia Heredia]]></addr-line>
<country>CR</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería Servicio Nacional de Salud Animal Laboratorio Nacional de Servicios Veterinarios]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barreal de Heredia Heredia]]></addr-line>
<country>CR</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica Posgrado Regional en Ciencias Veterinarias, Tropicales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lagunilla Heredia Heredia]]></addr-line>
<country>CR</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>191</fpage>
<lpage>202</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-13212015000200191&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-13212015000200191&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-13212015000200191&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar el grado de diversidad genética inter-regional presente en el ganado bovino de Costa Rica. Se colectaron 1498 muestras de ADN (año 2013) procedentes de ocho diferentes regiones del país. Se calcularon las frecuencias alélicas y los principales parámetros genéticos poblacionales para dieciocho marcadores microsatélite. Se realizó además un análisis de varianza molecular y se calcularon las distancias genéticas entre bovinos de diferentes regiones. A nivel nacional se observó un alto grado de diversidad, con un número promedio de 14,6±1,01 alelos observados y 5,6+0,37 alelos efectivos por marcador. La heterocigosis observada (Ho) fue 0,76±0,01 y la esperada (He) 0,81±0,01. El contenido de información polimórfica (CIP) fue de 0,79±0,06 y el índice de consanguinidad (FIS) fue de 0,06±0,004. A nivel de regiones, la Ho varió desde 0,73±0,02 en la región Central Sur hasta 0,78±0,01 en la región Huetar Norte. El dendrograma mostró tres agrupaciones claramente diferenciadas, con las regiones Central Metropolitana y Central Occidental en un grupo; Huetar Caribe, Central Sur, Pacífico Central y Chorotega en un segundo grupo; y Huetar Norte y Brunca en un tercer grupo intermedio. Los estimados de diferenciación genética RSTfueron significativos entre regiones de distintos grupos y no significativos entre regiones de un mismo grupo. Las diferencias genéticas entre regiones se relacionaron con la proliferación diferenciada de tipos raciales en función de su adaptabilidad a las condiciones agroecológicas y a los sistemas de producción imperantes en cada región.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:The aim of this study was to explore the extent of inter-regional genetic diversity present in the cattle of Costa Rica. 1498 DNA samples were collected (year 2013) from eight different regions within the country. Allelic frequencies and major population genetic parameters were determined for eighteen microsatellite markers. An analysis of molecular variance was also carried out and genetic distances were calculated between cattle from different regions. At the national level, a high allelic diversity was found, with an average of 14.6±1.01 observed alleles and 5.6+0.37 effective alleles per marker. Observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities were 0.76±0.01 and 0.81±01, respectively. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) and Coefficient of Inbreeding (FIS) were 0.79±0.06 and 0.06±0.004, respectively. At the regional level, Ho ranged between 0.73±0.02 in the South Central region to 0.78±0.01 in the North Huetar region. The dendrogram showed three clearly distinct groups, Metropolitan Central and West Central regions in one group, Caribbean Huetar, South Central, Central Pacific and Chorotega regions in a second group; and North Huetar and Brunca regions in a third intermediate group. Estimates of genetic differentiation (RST) were significant between regions from different groups and non-significant for regions within the same group. Genetic differences between regions are related to differential proliferation of breed groups based on their adaptability to the agro-ecological conditions and production systems prevailing in each region.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[alélicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[distancia genética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[marcador microsatélite.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[frequencies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[genetic distance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[microsatellite marker.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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