<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-0775</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Odontología Vital]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Odontología Vital]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-0775</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, Facultad de Odontología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-07752017000100067</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Diagnóstico clínico en saliva. Revisión]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Saliva clinical diagnosis. Review]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Latina de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>26</numero>
<fpage>67</fpage>
<lpage>78</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-07752017000100067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-07752017000100067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-07752017000100067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El odontólogo está llamado a convertirse en un elemento importante en el desarrollo de estudios de fenotipado de poblaciones para impulsar la aplicación de la medicina personalizada y la razón se debe a la saliva, que además de resultar un fluido imprescindible para la conservación de las funciones orales, se perfila con cualidades importantes para el diagnóstico clínico con base genética. Con el desarrollo de potentes técnicas de laboratorio, como el inmunoensayo, electroforesis, fluorescencia, cromatografía (HPLC y CG), espectrometría de masa (EM), la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y pruebas genéticas de fenotipado, se ha podido correlacionar la presencia de ciertos biomarcadores de daño tisular en la saliva con los niveles de esas especies en sangre. Estos biomarcadores constituyen señales del daño tisular o de respuestas del organismo a esas injurias, cuando aun no se pueden observar las evidencias clínicas del mismo. Esta aplicación de la saliva le confiere una importancia especial en lo referente al diagnóstico clínico. Al estudio de los biomarcadores orales se ha unido, de forma más reciente, el desarrollo de protocolos para la obtención de ADN genómico de la saliva que permite, por la viabilidad en la colección de muestras, su conservación y facilidades en su traslado, realizar estudios poblacionales para conocer la funcionalidad de ciertos genes que se relacionan con la biotransformación de los medicamentos, una causa importante de las variaciones interindividuales a los tratamientos farmacológicos. El conocimiento de polimorfismos en genes que expresan las enzimas que metabolizan fármacos específicos, permite realizar cambios en los principios activos o ajustes en las dosis de tratamientos individuales, que es el objetivo de la medicina personalizada o farmacogenética. Estos estudios también permiten conocer la predisposición genética de poblaciones al desarrollo de ciertas enfermedades, tanto orales como sistémicas, lo que propicia el establecimiento de nuevas políticas en la profilaxis y medicina preventiva. El uso de la saliva con estos fines abre nuevas perspectivas en la atención odontológica, y requiere de esfuerzos interdisciplinarios y cooperación en el equipo de salud.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The dentist is called to become an important element in the development of studies phenotyping of populations to advance the implementation of personalized medicine and the reason is because saliva, which besides being a prerequisite for the preservation of oral functions fluid , is emerging with important qualities for clinical diagnosis with genetic basis. With the development of powerful laboratory techniques, such as immunoassay, electrophoresis, fluorescence, chromatography (HPLC and GC), mass spectrometry (MS), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genetic testing phenotyping, it has been correlate the presence of certain biomarkers of tissue damage in saliva levels of these species in blood. These biomarkers are signs of tissue damage or agency responses to these injuries, when not even be seen clinical evidence of it. This application saliva attaches special importance with regard to clinical diagnosis. The study of oral biomarkers has joined, more recently, the development of protocols for obtaining genomic DNA from saliva that allows for viability in sample collection, preservation of the same and facilities during transport, conduct population studies to determine the function of certain genes that are related to biotransformation of drugs, a major cause of differences among individuals to drug treatments. Knowledge of polymorphisms in genes that express enzymes that metabolize specific drugs can make changes or adjustments active principles in doses of individual treatments, which is the goal of personalized medicine or pharmacogenetics. These studies also provide insight into the genetic predisposition of populations to the development of certain diseases, both oral and systemic, which favors the establishment of new policies in the prophylaxis and preventive medicine. The use of saliva for this purpose opens new perspectives in care dental and requires interdisciplinary efforts and cooperation in the health team.]]></p></abstract>
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<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Biomarcadores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[farmacoterapia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inmunohistoquímica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[FRET]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[zimografía en gelatina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ADN microarrays]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Biomarkers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pharmacotherapy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[immunohistochemistry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[FRET]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gelatin zymography]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[DNA microarrays]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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