<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1409-4703</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Actualidades Investigativas en Educación]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Actual. Investig. Educ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-4703</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigación en Educación, Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-47032016000300217</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/aie.v16i3.26063</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aprendizaje basado en problemas para desarrollar alfabetización crítica y competencias ciudadanas en el nivel elemental]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Problem-based learning: the development of critical literacy and citizen competence at the elementary school level]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Robles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aura]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figarella García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frances]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto Sonera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Puerto Rico  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>PR</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Cooperativa Educativa para la Reinvención y la Acción (CoopERA)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>PR</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Puerto Rico Facultad de Educación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>PR</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>217</fpage>
<lpage>251</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-47032016000300217&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-47032016000300217&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-47032016000300217&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:Este artículo presenta los hallazgos de una investigación-acción que se realizó en el tercer grado de una escuela pública en Puerto Rico en un curso que integra las disciplinas de Artes del Lenguaje, Ciencias y Estudios Sociales. Este estudio cualitativo exploró en qué medida el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP) facilita el desarrollo de la alfabetización crítica y las competencias ciudadanas. Las técnicas de recopilación de información consistieron en observaciones participativas y no-participativas, notas de campo, fotografías y materiales que desarrollaron los estudiantes. Teóricamente, este trabajo se fundamenta en el constructivismo social, en particular las ideas de Paulo Freire, así como en los conceptos de competencias ciudadanas y alfabetización ciudadana como fundamentos para el desarrollo humano integral. El análisis de los datos permite concluir que el ABP fomenta, a través de sus distintos pasos, el desarrollo inicial de los atributos de la alfabetización crítica y las competencias ciudadanas de las niñas y los niños de tercer grado. De acuerdo con los hallazgos se observó que el atributo de recursos personales y culturales, correspondiente a la competencia de alfabetización crítica se propició en todos los pasos de ABP. Asimismo, el atributo más frecuente relacionado a las competencias ciudadanas fue la capacidad de inquirir.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:This article presents the findings of an action-research conducted in a third grade classroom at a public school in Puerto Rico in a course that integrates the disciplines of Language Arts, Sciences and Social Studies. This qualitative study explored to what extent Problem Based Learning (PBL), as a didactic strategy, encourages the development of critical literacy and citizen competencies. The gathered data techniques consisted of participant and non-participant observations, field notes, pictures and the materials developed by the students. Theoretically, this work is grounded on a social constructivism framework, particularly, the ideas of Paulo Freire, as well as, the concepts of citizen competencies and critical literacy as foundations for integral human development. The data analysis allowed for the conclusion that PBL promotes, along its different steps, the initial development of the attributes of critical literacy and citizen competencies of the third grade students. According to the findings, the attribute of personal and cultural resources, corresponding to critical literacy, was observed in all the steps of the PBL. Likewise, the most frequent attribute regarding citizen competencies was the capacity of inquiry.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aprendizaje basado en problemas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[alfabetización crítica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[competencias ciudadanas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación primaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[constructivismo social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Puerto Rico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[problem based learning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[critical literacy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[citizens competences]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[elementary education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social constructivism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Puerto Rico]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Zona de desarrollo próximo, sujeto y situación. El problema de las unidades de análisis en psicología educativa.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baquero Orueta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Actualidades Investigativas en Educación]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>Número especial</numero>
<issue>Número especial</issue>
<page-range>1-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourdiue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pierre.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The forms of capital.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[John]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. Richardson]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>241-58</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York, NY ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Greenwood Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mind in Society: The development of higher psychological processes.]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, MA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[del Valle López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ángela]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villa Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nuria]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Visión crítica sobre el aprendizaje basado en problemas: ventajas y dificultades.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alicia Escribano y Ángela del]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El aprendizaje basado en problemas: una propuesta metodológica en Educación Superior]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>134-49</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Narcea, S.A. de Ediciones]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figarella García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frances]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[De "¡Escucha! ¡Copia! ¡Repite!" A "¡Investiga! ¡Comparte! ¡Crea!". El enfoque constructivista y las interacciones en la sala de clase.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Puerto Rico ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Isla Negra]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paulo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pedagogía del oprimido]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<edition>2</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México, D.F. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo veintiuno editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paulo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La educación como práctica de la libertad]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo veintiuno editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paulo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Donaldo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Literacy: Reading the word and the world]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Westport, CT ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Bergin and Garvey]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gaubeca]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Crítica al constructivismo y al constructivismo social.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México, D. F. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Publicaciones Cruz O. S. A.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Defending constructivism in the science education.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guisasola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jenaro]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cachapuz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pessoa de Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anna M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Torregrosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joaquín]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salinas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gené Duch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anna]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dumas-Carré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrée]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tricárico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hugo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rómulo.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Science and Education]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>557-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goodman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kenneth]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[What´s whole in whole language?]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Richmond Hill, Ontario ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Scholastic TAB]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Robles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aura]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Creating Spaces for Critical Literacy within a Puerto Rican Elementary Classroom: An Ideological Model of Literature Discussions.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Tucson, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Arizona]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Scaffolding and Achievment in Problem-Based and Inquiry Learning: A Response to Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark (2006).]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hmelo-Silver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cindy E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duncan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ravit Golan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chinn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Clark A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Educational Psychologist]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>99-107</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterey</collab>
<source><![CDATA[El aprendizaje basado en problemas como técnica didáctica]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Why Minimal Guidance During Instruction Does Not Work: An Analysis of the Failure of Constructuvist, Discovery, Problem-Based, Experimental, and Inquiry-Based Teaching.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[hner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sweller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Educational Psychologist]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>75-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Changing our mind/changing the world: The power of a question.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tasha T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Language Arts]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>203-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Taking on critical literacy: The journey of the newcomers and novices]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mitzy]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flint]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amy]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Sluys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Katie]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Language Arts]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>382-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mitzy]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christine]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harste]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jerome C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Creating Critical Classrooms: K-8 Reading and Writing with an edge.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York, NY ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindfors]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Judith]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Children's inquiry: Using languages to make sense of the world.]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York, NY ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Teacher College Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Barbara. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energizing teacher education and professional development with Problem Based Learning.]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Alexandria, VA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ASCD]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Norma.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Engaging life: A funds of knowledge approach to multicultural education.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James Banks y Cherry McGee]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of research inmulticultural education]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<edition>2</edition>
<page-range>699-715</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York, NY ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[JosseyBass]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[K-W-L: A teaching model that develops active Redding of expository text.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Donna M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reading teacher]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>564-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Arocho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wanda]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Problematización de la zona de desarrollo próximo: Una tarea pendiente en la formación en psicología y educación.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sulle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Vygotsky, psicólogo]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>117-44</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Letra Viva]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Problem Based Learning: An instructional model and it's constructivist framework.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duffy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thomas M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Educational Technology]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>31-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Problem-Based is Compatible with Human Cognitive Structure: Commentary on Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark (2006).]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmidt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henk]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loyens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sofie]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Gog]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tamara]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fred.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Educational Psychologist]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>91-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Short]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kathy]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Children taking action for social change.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The IBBY World Congress]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velázquez Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lizzette]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figarella García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frances]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La problematización en el aprendizaje. Tres estrategias para la creación de un currículo auténtico.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Puerto Rico ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Isla Negra]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villarini Jusino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Competencias ciudadanas]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villarini Jusino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nuevas formas de democracia, nuevas formas de ciudadanía: Educación ciudadana basada en competencias.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vygotsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lev S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kozulin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alex]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Thought and Language.]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, MA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
