<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1409-469X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Diálogos Revista Electrónica de Historia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Diálogos rev. electr. hist]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-469X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escuela de Historia. Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-469X2022000100088</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/dre.v23i1.49100</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[De pandillas a mini-cárteles criollos: narcomenudeoy evolución de los grupos criminales de Pavas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[From gangs to &#8220;mini-cárteles criollos&#8221;: drug dealing and evolution of criminal&#8217;s groups of Pavas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saborío]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Astorga Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>88</fpage>
<lpage>116</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-469X2022000100088&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-469X2022000100088&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-469X2022000100088&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Mediante sesenta y siete entrevistas a residentes de Pavas, privados de libertad y autoridades policiales, y la consulta de material periodístico y estadísticas oficiales, los investigadores demuestran que la vinculación al narcomenudeo, por parte de los grupos criminales locales, provocó la transformación de sus prácticas. De tal manera, los autores plantean que la llegada masiva de droga a la localidad de Pavas llevó a estas agrupaciones a un mayor uso de la violencia para resolver conflictos y a estructurarse más, pasando de ser pandillas a lo que hoy en día las autoridades denominan &#8220;mini-cárteles criollos&#8221;. El artículo plantea un análisis de las etapas del conflicto entre los grupos criminales y relaciona diferentes aspectos tales como las características socioeconómicas del contexto analizado y los distintos actores involucrados en las luchas por controlar los puntos de venta y compra de estupefacientes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Through sixty-seven interviews to residents of Pavas, men deprived of liberty and police authorities, and after consulting journalistic material and official statistics, the researchers demonstrate that the practices of local criminal groups are transformed when they undertake drug-dealing activities. The authors state that the massive arrival of drugs to Pavas caused a raise in the use of violence for conflict resolution and increased the structuring of the criminal groups which transformed them from gangs to &#8220;criollo mini-cartels&#8221;, as defined by the authorities. The article analyzes the stages of the conflict among criminal groups and establishes relations among different aspects such as the socioeconomic characteristics of the context and the variety of actors involved in the struggles to control drug-selling and buying points.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[drogas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[narcomenudeo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pandillas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pavas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prensa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[violencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[drugs]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Drug Dealing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gangs]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pavas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[press]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[violence]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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