<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1409-469X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Diálogos Revista Electrónica de Historia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Diálogos rev. electr. hist]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-469X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escuela de Historia. Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-469X2018000200058</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/dre.v19i2.33352</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Nineteenth Century Navies&#8217; Role in developing an understanding of The Pacific Coast Of Central America (1730-1900)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>58</fpage>
<lpage>100</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-469X2018000200058&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-469X2018000200058&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-469X2018000200058&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Early 19th Century knowledge of nautical affairs was scant, regarding the Pacific coast of Central America. Prior to 1800, the main source of information on that coast was Spanish &#8220;derroteros&#8221; or sailing directions. Between 1808-1826, British commercial and maritime interests replaced those of Spain in the region. British ships cruising the coast, needed better maritime charts, and thus surveying became an important task for the Royal Navy. From the mid 1830&#8217;s, British Admiralty charts became the main source of navigational information. Then the French Navy and later the United States Navy became involved in the survey of Pacific coast ports and harbors. During 1873-1907, Costa Rica established a small naval force due to regional political problems. When in the 1880s geopolitical interest arose in building a canal across Central America, the Costarrican Government decided it required information about its Pacific coast, carrying out surveys and publishing maritime charts and instructions for inshore navigation. Altogether, surveying activities by different navies resulted in a major improvement in nautical knowledge compared to a century earlier.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen A inicios del siglo XIX, los conocimientos sobre la navegación en la costa del Pacífico de América eran escasos. Antes de 1800, las principales fuentes de información náutica fueron los derroteros españoles. Entre 1808 y 1826, los intereses marítimos y comerciales ingleses, sustituyeron a los de España en la región. Los barcos británicos que comerciaban por la costa, necesitaban de mejores cartas marinas y derroteros, lo cual llevó a la Marina Real a asumir la tarea de levantar cartas marinas. A partir de mediados de los años 1830, el Almirantazgo inglés se convirtió en la principal fuente de información náutica. Más tarde las marinas de Francia y de los Estados Unidos se unieron a esta labor de levantar cartas de los puertos del Pacífico. En el periodo 1873-1907, Costa Rica mantuvo una pequeña fuerza naval, debido a problemas políticos regionales. Cuando en la década de 1880 aumento de manera importante el interés geopolítico por construir un canal a través del Istmo Centroamericano, el gobierno costarricense decidió mejorar su conocimiento de la propia costa, y mando levantar cartas marinas y direcciones náuticas costeras. La actividad conjunta de las diversas marinas, resultaron en una mejora considerable del conocimiento náutico respecto a un siglo antes.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Historia marítima]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[marinas de guerra]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cartas marítimas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Costa del Pacífico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Istmo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Maritime history]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[navies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[charts]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pacific coast]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Central American Isthmus]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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