<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1409-4142</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Costarricense de Cardiología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. costarric. cardiol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-4142</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Costarricense de Cardiología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-41422024000200005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Anafilaxia tras la aplicación de la vacuna de la COVID-19: lo que debemos saber]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Barrios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sáenz Madrigal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Médico La Dolorosa  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ San José]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>5</fpage>
<lpage>10</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-41422024000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-41422024000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-41422024000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La rápida aprobación y distribución de las vacunas contra la COVID-19 han representado un hito significativo en la lucha contra la pandemia. Sin embargo, han surgido inquietudes respecto a los posibles efectos adversos, particularmente, la anafilaxia, una reacción alérgica aguda e inmediata que afecta múltiples sistemas del cuerpo. La detección precoz es crucial para un tratamiento adecuado, que incluye el uso de epinefrina. Las vacunas contra la COVID-19 contienen ciertos excipientes como polietilenglicol (PEG) y polisorbato 80, que pueden desencadenar reacciones alérgicas. Aunque los pacientes con alergias comunes no tienen más probabilidades que el público en general de tener una reacción alérgica a la vacuna de la COVID-19 y; por tanto, no deben abstenerse de la vacunación, se requiere, dada la severidad de la entidad, tanto que los profesionales de la salud en los centros de vacunación estén atentos a los signos y síntomas tempranos de la anafilaxia; como contar con los medicamentos y equipos necesarios para sus tratamientos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la presente revisión es dotar al médico con la información necesaria para entender el fenómeno de anafilaxia posterior a la vacunación contra la COVID-19, su prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The rapid approval and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines have represented a significant milestone in the fight against the pandemic. However, concerns have arisen regarding potential adverse effects, particularly anaphylaxis, an acute and immediate allergic reaction that affects multiple body systems. Early detection is crucial for appropriate treatment, which includes the use of epinephrine. COVID-19 vaccines contain certain excipients such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polysorbate 80, which can trigger allergic reactions. While patients with common allergies are not more likely than the general public to have an allergic reaction to the COVID-19 vaccine and therefore should not abstain from vaccination, given the severity of the condition, healthcare professionals at vaccination centers must be vigilant for early signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis and have the necessary medications and equipment for its treatment. Thus, the aim of this review is to provide physicians with the necessary information to understand the phenomenon of anaphylaxis following COVID-19 vaccination, its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[anafilaxia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vacunas.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[anaphylaxis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vaccines]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>CDC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[United States ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[mRNA COVID&#8209;19 Vaccine Anaphylaxis: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Evaluation.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Allergy and Asthma Reports]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>195-200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stadtmauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anafilaxia por la vacuna de la COVID-19: ¿quién tiene riesgo?]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shimabukuro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>325</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>780-1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Remmel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[COVID vaccines and safety: what the research says]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>European Medicines Agency</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ficha te&#769;cnica o resumen de las caracteri&#769;sticas del producto: Comirnaty®.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EMA]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>European Medicines Agency</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ficha te&#769;cnica o resumen de las caracteri&#769;sticas del producto: COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna, dispersión inyectable.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EMA]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>European Medicines Agency</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ficha te&#769;cnica o resumen de las caracteri&#769;sticas del producto: COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca, dispersión inyectable.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EMA]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>U.S. Food &amp; Drug Administration.</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fact Sheet for healthcare providers administering vaccines. Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[FDA]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villafuerte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Río]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NB.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anafilaxia causada por vacunas.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Alerg Mex]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>s1-s14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anafilaxis en Vacunas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sección Vigilancia ESAVI]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>15-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garvey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nasser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anaphylaxis to the first COVID-19 vaccine: is polyethylene glycol (PEG) the culprit?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>126</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>e106-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>CDC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Interim Considerations: Preparing for the Potential Management of Anaphylaxis after COVID-19 Vaccination]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>AAAI</collab>
<source><![CDATA[An Update on COVID-19 for the Practicing Allergist/immunologist]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caminati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guarnieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Who Is Really at Risk for Anaphylaxis Due to COVID-19 Vaccine?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vaccines]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ACAAI</collab>
<source><![CDATA[ACAAI Provides Further Guidance on Risk of Allergic Reactions to mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>CDC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Prevaccination Checklist for COVID-19 Vaccines]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ansotegui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ebisawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Gamal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fineman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greenberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muraro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu-Hor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Worm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[COVID-19 vaccine-associated anaphylaxis: A statement of the World Allergy Organization Anaphylaxis Committee.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Allergy Organization Journal]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kounis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koniari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De-Gregorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velissaris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petalas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brinia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Assimakopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gogos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kouni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kounis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calogiuri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MY.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Allergic Reactions to Current Available COVID-19 Vaccinations: Pathophysiology, Causality, and Therapeutic Considerations.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vaccines]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>221</numero>
<issue>221</issue>
<page-range>1-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Gobierno de México</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guía Técnica para la Aplicación de la Vacuna GAM-COVID-VAC (SPUTNIK V) Contra el Virus SARS-CoV-2 (internet)]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Public Health England</collab>
<source><![CDATA[COVID-19: The green book]]></source>
<year></year>
<edition>14</edition>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shimabukuro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Allergic Reactions After First Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vedia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[UC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marchal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lladó]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marchal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vértiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sorribes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experiencia en la vacunación frente a la COVID-19 en personas con antecedente de alergia.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Esp Salud Pública]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BC.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[COVID-19 vaccine safety: Background incidence rates of anaphylaxis, myocarditis, pericarditis, Guillain-Barre´ Syndrome, and mortality in South Korea using a nationwide population-based cohort study.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS ONE]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
