<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1409-4142</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Costarricense de Cardiología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. costarric. cardiol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-4142</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Costarricense de Cardiología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-41422020000100028</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aplicaciones actuales de la impresión cardiaca en 3D]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ulate Retana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanabria Murillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Del Mar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Younes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paula Neily]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mata Jinesta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Valeria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital México CCSS Servicio de Cardiología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>28</fpage>
<lpage>34</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-41422020000100028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-41422020000100028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-41422020000100028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En esta revisión se abordan las diversas aplicaciones actuales de la impresión tridimensional en enfermedades cardiovasculares, sus limitaciones y dirección a futuro. Se enfatiza en el área de educación, en la cual ha tenido impacto significativo en la experiencia del paciente y del médico, además de beneficios éticos con respecto a la comparación con el uso de cadáveres o modelos animales; también, en el área de planificación quirúrgica donde se optimiza el proceso operatorio y se dan mejoras en los resultados; seguidamente, se explica el área de impresión cardiaca personalizada, que se ha implementado especialmente en casos de anomalías cardiacas congénitas debido a que son muy heterogéneas entre los pacientes y esto permite un estudio individualizado de las mismas con el fin de buscar tratamientos óptimos a mediano y largo plazo. Finalmente se profundiza sobre bioimpresión, la cual constituye el campo con mayor potencial y se ha desarrollado alrededor del reemplazo de estructuras cardiacas como válvulas, investigación de efectos terapéuticos de fármacos y colocación de células con funciones regenerativas. Se concluye lo promisoria que es la impresión cardiaca tridimensional y los múltiples beneficios que puede brindarle a la comunidad médica y a los pacientes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract For this review the current applications and uses of three-dimensional printing will be studied in cardiovascular diseases, as well as its limitations and future directions. Regarding the education field, it has had a significant impact on the experience of physicians as well as patients, furthermore considering the ethical benefits with regards to the comparison of the use of cadaveric or animal models. Advantages may also be contemplated when discussing surgical planning, where this technology optimizes the surgical process and provides better results. Moreover, patient specific three- dimensional cardiac printing has been applied in cases of congenital heart abnormalities due to its variability among patients, where these models allow for an individual study in search of optimal treatments in the medium and long term. Finally, bioprinting is studied, which constitutes the most promising field, and has developed around the replacement of cardiac structures, such as valves, investigation on therapeutic effects of drugs and cell placement with regenerative functions. In conclusion, the optimistic and favorable future of this technology can be presumed, alongside its multiple benefits that could contribute to the medical community and to the patients.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bioimpresión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[impresión cardiaca personalizada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[impresión tridimensional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[planificación quirúrgica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bioprinting]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[patient-specific models]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[three-dimensional printing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[surgical planning]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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